摘 要:本文以實例介紹了三位一體寫作教學模式在高中英語寫作教學實踐中的運用。重在詳解寫中階段的審題、構思和成文的思維導向,特別是由詞到句階段的跳躍過程。
關鍵詞:三位一體 寫作教學模式 高中英語
中圖分類號:G623 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1673-9795(2013)06(c)-0052-02
三位一體寫作教學模式是我校教師在積極探索有效教學的過程中,根據我校的學生實際創造性地提出來的一種寫作模式。它以建構主義理論教學法和認知心理學為指導,結合寫作中常用的結果法、過程法、體裁法和支架式教學而逐步形成的一種寫作模式。
它強調寫前、寫中和寫后的一體化;自主探索、同伴互助和教師輔助的一體化;審題、構思和成文的一體化;人稱、時態和要點的一體化;開頭、正文和結尾的一體化;由詞到句、由句到段和由段到文的一體化。(見圖1)
本文以實例介紹寫作實施過程。
寫作任務:假定你是班長李華,上個月你班美籍同學Jack因病住院,你班老師囑咐你給Jack發封E-mail,告知你自己以及班內發生的事情。請根據以下內容、寫作要點和要求給Jack寫E-mail。
寫作要點:
(1)詢問Jack的病情。
(2)告訴Jack你的情況和班內發生的事情。
(3)祝愿他早日康復。
要求:
(1)短文須寫在答題卡指定區域。
(2)短文字數不少于100(不含寫好的部分)。
(3)內容充實,結構完整,語意連貫。
(4)書寫清晰、工整。
對于半開放作文而言,內容與形式同樣重要,學生面臨的困難不僅僅是如何寫,寫什么更是關鍵。因此,作文的第一步,教師要先與學生討論寫什么內容。根據討論內容初步確定寫以下七個方面的內容。
(1)你好點了嗎?(2)我們很掛念你。(3)上周我參加了學校舉辦的演講比賽,并且得了第一名,我很高興。(4)我們是高三了,現在學習比以前更努力了。(5)我們換了一個歷史老師,他的課堂風趣活潑,我們都喜歡他上課。(6)我們班新轉來一位同學,他活潑可愛,我們喜歡與他交朋友。(7)希望你盡快恢復,這樣我們就可以一起生活與學習了。
寫作內容確定之后,就要進一步討論有關審題、構思和成文的步驟。
1 審題
(1)人稱:第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱。
(2)時態:一般現在時、一般過去時為主,可能將來時。
(3)要點:詢問Jack的病情;告訴Jack你的情況和班內發生的事情;祝愿他早日康復。
2 構思
(1)開頭:詢問Jack的病情。
(2)正文:告訴Jack你的情況和班內發生的事情。
(3)結尾:祝愿他早日康復。
在成文階段,要注重引導學生使用不同的句式表達同一內容,特別是簡單句,并列和主從復合句的靈活轉化,以及強調句,非限制性定語從句和非謂語動詞等高級表達的綜合使用。
3 成文
由詞到句。
(1)你好點了嗎?
well/fine/better
Have you got any better?
Are you well/better now?
Are you feeling well/better now?
(2)我們很掛念/想念你。
be concerned about/miss
We are really concerned about you.
We miss you very much.
(3)上周我參加了學校舉辦的演講比賽,并且得了第一名,我很高興。
take part in held speech contest the first
Last week,our school held a speech contest.I took part in it and got the first.I am happy.
Last week, I took part in the speech contest held by our school.I got the first.I feel really happy.
Last week,I took part in the speech contest held by our school.I got the first,which makes me happy.
(4)我們是高三了,現在學習比以前更努力了。
Senior Three students work harder.
We are Senior Three students now, so we work harder than ever before.
As you know,we are Senior Three students now,so we are working harder than ever before.
As you know,we are Senior Three students now,so we all make full use of every minute and work harder than ever before.
(5)我們換了一個歷史老師,他的課堂活潑有趣,我們都喜歡上他的課。
have lively and interesting
We have a new history teacher, Mr Zhang, whose lesson is lively and interesting. We like his lessons now.
Mr Zhang is our new history teacher. He makes the class lively and interesting. We like his lessons now.
We have a new history teacher. He makes the class lively and interesting, so we all like history lessons now.
(6)我們班新轉來一位同學,他活潑幽默,我們喜歡與他交朋友。
have lovely and humorous make friends with
We have a new classmate,too.He is lovely and humorous.We like to make friends with him.
There is a new classmate in our class, too,who is so lovely and humorous that we like to make friends with him.
We have a new classmate,too.He is such a lovely and humorous boy that we like to make friends with him.
(7)希望你盡快恢復,這樣我們就可以一起生活與學習了。
soon /as soon as possible/you can recover from study and play together.
I hope you can recover from your illness soon.We can study and play together.
I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as possible/you can.We can study and play together.
I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as possible/you can so that we can study and play together.
由句到段。
你好點了嗎?我們很想念你。
(1)Have you got any better?We are really concerned about you.
上周我參加了學校舉辦的演講比賽,并且得了第一名,我很高興。我們是高三了,現在學習比以前更努力了。我們換了一個歷史老師,他的課堂風趣活潑,我們都喜歡他上課。我們班新轉來一位同學,他幽默可愛,我們喜歡與他交朋友。
(2)Last week,I took part in a speech contest held by our school.I got the first,which makes me happy.As you know, we are Senior Three students now,so we all make full use of every minute and work harder than ever before.We have a new history teacher,Mr Zhang, who makes the class likely and interesting. We like history lesson now.There is a new classmate in our class,too,who is so lovely and humorous that we like to make friends with him.
希望你盡快恢復,這樣我們就可以一起生活與學習了。
(3)I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as you can,so that we can study and play together.
由段到文。
Dear Jack,
I’m sorry you are ill in bed.Have you got any better?We are really concerned about you.
Last week,I took part in a speech contest held by our school.I got the first,which makes me happy.As you know, we are Senior Three students now,so we all make full use of every minute and work harder than ever before.We have a new history teacher,Mr Zhang, who makes the class likely and interesting.We like history lessons now.There is a new classmate in our class,too,who is so lovely and humorous that we like to make friends with him.
I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as you can,so that we can study and play together.
Yours
Li Hua
在此寫作模式中,教師不要大包大攬,一定要以學生為中心,基于學生的基礎,不斷提升學生的寫作能力,并且要使不同能力的學生都要得到提高。
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