中國海外留學生跨文化適應研究

【摘 要】出國留學，作為一種最常見的的國際教育與文化交流形式，會導致不同文化之間的沖突。本文主要分析了文化沖擊的原因并提出一些關于如何減少文化沖擊和實現跨文化適應的建議。

【關鍵詞】出國留學 文化沖擊 跨文化適應

ABSTRACT：Studying abroad，as the most common form of the exchange of international education and culture can lead to the conflicts between different cultures.This article mainly analyzes the reasons of cultural shock and gives some suggestion on how to reduce the culture shock and realize cultural adaptation.

KEY WORDS：Studying abroad Cultural shock Cultural Adaptation

CHAPTER 1

Nowadays an increasing number of Chinese students study abroad.This process is a process of cultural contact，which is called cultural adaptation in the academic field.It brings about not only novelty，but also challenge.The reason is that living in different cultures means the change of way of life，thinking pattern，etc.what’ worse，not everyone can overcome this kind of change and successfully adapt to the foreign life.All of these are called “culture shock”.Thus this paper mainly analyzes the major reasons of cultural shock and gives some suggestion and countermeasures on how to reduce cultural shock and realize cultural adaptation.

CHAPTER 2

Reasons causing Cultural shock

2.1 Cultural differences

Cultural differences are the main causes of culture shock.

2.1.1 The difference in values

It is difficult for International students to understand the cultural values of foreigners.This kind of values of inevitably results in cross-cultural communication barriers.Take the interaction with others for example，Chinese prefer collectivism，not only promoting power and authority，but also respecting the commitment and tradition；while westerners prefer individualism in that they dare to challenge the power and authority，pay attention to equality.

2.1.2 The difference in thinking patterns

The traditional thinking pattern of Chinese is collectivism.So the thinking mode of Chinese traditional culture has the characteristics of strong concreteness and operability.However，western culture adopts the opposite way of thinking.It is a kind of jump thinking pattern characterized by analysis and logic reasoning.Thus the western culture has strong sense of abstractness.This may lead to the corresponding barriers in cross-cultural communication.

2.1.3 The difference in national culture

Culture set ignores cultural differences between individuals and is difficult to change once formed.If influenced by cultural set，Chinese international students will stay in the conflicts between native culture and foreign culture.Meanwhile they easily have a strong sense of national consciousness.Even though this consciousness can will hindere exploration of new horizons and the acceptance of new culture.

2.2 The lack of knowledge of cross-cultural communication

The lack of knowledge reserves about other cultures is insufficient，adequate estimation of the difficulties of studying abroad and psychological preparation is another cause of culture shock.

2.3 The individual differences

The individual differences have a direct impact on the degree of culture shock.The differences in personal features of each international student such as age age，gender，personality，are directly related to the degree of culture shock.

CHAPTER 3

Some Measures Facilitating Cultural Adaptation

One is the training of cross-cultural knowledge.Facing the cultural differences，Chinese international students should receive some training about cross-cultural knowledge except the training of language before going abroad.This kind of cross-cultural knowledge covers many aspects，such as the social system and culture of the country；meanwhile，a systematic study of Chinese culture is essential.Only in this way can we have a comparison of the dominant values of two cultures in order to find out the similarities and difference，and predict even avoid the possible contradictions and conflicts.

The other is to make more friends.International students should free themselves from self-segregation，widely make friends with the students with different nationalities，especially with the locals，and understand and respect the different cultures.

CHAPTER 4

Conclusion

The barriers of cross-cultural communication are complex and diverse.So Chinese international students should hold the principle of \"seeking common ground while putting aside differences\"，and take an active attitude towards this adaptation.Personally，with the increase of Chinese international students and the further development of education of overseas students，the cross-cultural communication has aroused wider concern.

【Bibliography】

[1]Linell Davis.中西文化之鑒.北京：外語教學與研究出版社.2010

[2]胡文仲.跨文化交際學概論[M].北京：外語教學與研究出版社.2010.