摘要:縱觀歷年中考,單項選擇的得分率都不高。究其原因,大多數考生面對紛紛亂亂、零零碎碎的語法知識無計可施、無從下筆,不知如何應對?難道做好單選題真的無計可施嗎?不!單選有“法”可依,有“巧”可取。筆者耕耘英語教壇十多年,總結出了應對單選題的科學方法與技巧。欲就此做一番淺談,以饗廣大考生及英語學習愛好者。
關鍵詞:中考英語;單項選擇題;解題技巧
中圖分類號:G632.0 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1992-7711(2014)10-0097
一、增元法
增元法就是將殘缺的或省略了的句子成分補充完整,使不完整的句子完整。如英文中的If necessary=if(it is)necessary,if possible
=if(it is)possible,what if...=what(should sb do)if.../what(does it matter)if.../what(would happen)if...?都是最典型的例子。請看:What a wonderful movie, ?(1)
A. does itB. is it C. doesn’ t itD. is n’ t it
— it rains? (2)
—We can go on working with our raincoats .
A. Though ,on B. What, in
C. What if,onD. How, in
分析:使用增元法將句(1)補充為:what a wonderful movie it is!將句(2)的問句補充完整,使之成為:What shall we do if it rains?答案已經出來了,有這樣一題:I don’t think Joe saw me because he into space.A.has just stared B.had just stared C.was just staring D.has just been staring
筆者是這樣思考的:在原句的基礎上加一個時間狀語從句,使之為:I don’ t think Joe saw me because he into space when I saw him.答案簡單多了。
二、倒置法
顧名思義,就是顛倒前后句順序的解題技巧。請看:
She spoke I didn’ t realize she was American.(1)
A. WhenB. UntilC. WhatD. If
To all the people here the honor for the success.(2)
A. belongingB. belongsC. belongs toD. belong to
解析:若用倒置法將句(1)變為:I didn’ t realise she was American she spoke.將句(2)變成The honor for the successs
to all the people.答案就一目了然,不是嗎?你也試試!
go to see the film,I prefer to walk in the park.(3)
A. BetterB. More thanC. Rather thanD. Other than
三、還原法
還原法,即將復合句還原成簡單句的解題法,此法在選擇確定定語從句中的介詞有特效,不信?且看:
The person whom you should write is Mr Ball.(1)
A. atB. overC. toD. in
The car which I spent 150,000 yuan is made in China.(2)
A. withB. atC. onD. in
分析:我們可將句(1)還原成:You should write to Mr Ball,將句(2)還原成I spent 150,000yuan on the car。是不是特有效呢?輪到你了。
The farm which he works is very big.(3)
A. inB. onC. atD. above
The car which I paid 150,000 yuan is made in China.(4)
A. onB. inC. forD. with
四、刪減法
刪減法又稱忽略法,是將句中的修飾、限定、附加等成分從原句中去掉,忽略不看,從而達到解題目的技法。請看:
the bike Mr Smith had stolen?(1)
A. WasB. BeenC. HaveD. Had
The news that they failed in the exam discouraged him, (2)
A. did theyB. didn’ t theyC. did itD. didn’t it
分析:我們可以忽略句(1)中的Mr Smith had,因為它是修飾限定bike的定語從句,使句子變成: the bike stolen?同樣地,若忽略句(2)中的同位語從句that they failed in the exam,使之為:The news discouraged him答案就浮出題面了。你來試試:
Nothing except three old desks in the house.(3)
A. isB. areC. wereD. had
Mr white together with his two sons in the garden now.(4)
A. playB. playingC. are playingD. is playing
五、假設性回答法
假設性回答法是對提問的一般或特殊問句等進行假設性回答的解題技巧。
如:
Who do you want to with you?(1)
A.have gone B.have go C.going D.went
Is this the factory you visited yesterday?(2)
A.on which B.to which C.that D.where
解析:我們不防大膽地假設(1)I want to have Tom go with me (have sb do sth),(2)This is thefactory (that/which)I visited yesterday.下面的單選你會嗎?
——Who are you going to have this letter for you?(3)
——My secretary
A. typeB. typedC. have typedD. been typing
Is this museum they visited the other day?(4)
A. the oneB. whichC. whatD. where
答案解析:
(3)A.回答后為:I’m going to have my secretary type this letter for me.(4)A.This museum is the museum (one) they visited the other day.
(作者單位:安徽省望江縣實驗學校246200)