曹亮+郭彥偉+王志偉+劉超+劉艷+潘靜
[摘要] 目的 探討腫瘤標記物NSE與非小細胞肺癌患者化療效果的相關性。 方法 回顧性分析我院62例非小細胞肺癌患者,48例(77.4%)患者接受2個周期培美曲賽聯(lián)合順鉑治療方案,14例(22.6%)接受易瑞沙靶向治療的方案。治療前后比較NSE水平的變化以及按照RECIST標準比較腫瘤大小。 結(jié)果 2周期化療后,在腫瘤縮小或穩(wěn)定的患者中NSE水平較治療前降低 56%。NSE水平下降≥16%, 總反應率80%,18.1% 病例穩(wěn)定,1.9% 進展。然而,NSE下降<16%,總反應率 6.1% ,60.6%穩(wěn)定,33.3%進展。NSE下降≥16%患者無進展生存期(19.12±2.31)個月長于NSE下降<16%的(8.56±1.49)個月(P<0.001)。NSE下降水平與患者總生存率無關(P>0.05)。 結(jié)論 NSE是非小細胞肺癌患者預后的一個敏感的特異性指標,同時是一個可以預測非小細胞肺癌患者化療及靶向治療療效的指標。NSE下降超過16%的非小細胞肺癌患者無進展生存期更長。
[關鍵詞] 非小細胞肺癌;化療;靶向治療;NSE;預后
[中圖分類號] R734.2 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2014)17-0032-03
Prospective value of NSE in non small-cell lung cancer patients with chemotherapy
CAO Liang GUO Yanwei WANG Zhiwei LIU Chao LIU Yan PAN Jing
Department of Medical Oncology,the Peoples Hospital of Zhengzhou Yihe Hospital,Zhengzhou 450000,China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluating the prognoses of tumor marker NSE (neuron-specific enolase) regarding to chemotherapy response in non small- cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods Sixty-two with locally advanced NSCLC patients were included in this study. All these patients were given 2 courses of pemetrexed plus cisplatin chemotherapy (77.4%) or tyrosine kinase inhibitor (22.6%). The treatment response was determined by the changes of NSE serum level and RECIST criteria before and after 2 courses chemotherapy. Results After two cycles of chemotherapy treatments, the patients who reached an objective response showed a reduction of NSE levels of 56% compared to its basal level. For a NSE reduction achieved ≥16% showed an overall response in 80% of cases, stable disease in 18.1 % and progression in 1.9 %, while patients that did not achieve a reduction ≥16% had an overall response of 6.1 %, stable disease of 60.6 % and progression of 33.3 %. PFS was longer in patients with a ≥16% reduction in NSE(19.12±2.31 vs 8.56±1.49 months,P < 0.001). Reduction of NSE was not a predictive factor of OS. Conclusion NSE is a sensitive and specific tumor marker of NSCLC,and A NSE level reduction is also a sensitive prognosis factor of chemotherapy and TKI therapy in NSCLC patients. A ≥16% reduction in NSE levels is associated with a longer PFS.
[Key words] Non small-cell lung cancer;Chemotherapy; TKI; NSE;Prognosis
肺癌是世界范圍內(nèi)第一高發(fā)腫瘤。同時也是男性癌癥患者中第一死亡原因,在女性癌癥患者中排位第二。其中非小細胞肺癌在肺癌總數(shù)中占據(jù)80%~85%[1,2]。目前手術切除仍是可切除的肺癌患者首選治療手段,但是多數(shù)肺癌發(fā)現(xiàn)時已經(jīng)到了中晚期。早期診斷和治療可顯著提高患者長期生存率[3,4]。近年來,隨著分子生物學、基因?qū)W以及腫瘤藥理學的研究進展,越來越多的靶向治療為一部分基因突變的肺癌患者帶來了希望。因此,化療和靶向治療成為大多數(shù)非小細胞肺癌患者首選的治療手段,并被列入2013年NCCN指南。MILES-3 以及MILES-4研究結(jié)果顯示在老年局部晚期非小細胞肺癌患者培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑可以作為一線治療方案[5]。Kawano Y 等[6]在一項Ⅱ期非小細胞肺癌的臨床試驗研究的結(jié)論表明培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑化療副反應小,無進展生存期達到4.3個月,總生存期達到22.3個月。因此,培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑在非小細胞肺癌治療中的地位也逐漸被更多的腫瘤學專家和腫瘤科醫(yī)生所接收和認可。
CT等影像學檢查仍是評估肺癌腫瘤大小的主要手段,但是其對化療或靶向治療后肺部腫塊的評估顯然是不全面的。因此,我們迫切需要找到對非小細胞肺癌療效敏感且有特異性的腫瘤標志物,以幫助篩選出對化療有效的非小細胞肺癌患者,評估療效。NSE是小細胞肺癌中重要的腫瘤標志物已被廣泛認可[7]。有報道指出NSE也是非小細胞肺癌常見標志物,并且在非小細胞肺癌患者預后評估中有重要意義[8,9]。然而,NSE對非小細胞肺癌化療療效的評估還沒有被廣泛報道。
本研究的目的是進一步研究和分析NSE水平與非小細胞肺癌化療療效的敏感性和特異性的關系,以及與非小細胞肺癌患者無病生存期的關系。
1 資料與方法
1.1 臨床資料
選擇2008年1月~2012年12月由我院經(jīng)治的非小細胞肺癌患者62例。患者均經(jīng)過術前纖維支氣管鏡或穿刺活檢病理確診為非小細胞肺癌。ECOG(Eastern cooperative oncology group)分期在0~2。生存期預計均超過3個月以上。心肺功能檢查及肝腎功能檢查提示可耐受化療。化療2周期前后均經(jīng)過胸部增強CT了解肺部腫塊大小。治療包括培美曲賽(通用名:培美曲塞二鈉,國藥準字H20080230,生產(chǎn)單位:德州德藥制藥有限公司,生產(chǎn)日期:2007.12~2012.12)聯(lián)合順鉑(通用名:順鉑,國藥準字H37021356,生產(chǎn)單位:齊魯制藥廠,生產(chǎn)日期:2007.12~2012.12)方案,以及易瑞沙(通用名:吉非替尼片,生產(chǎn)廠家:Astra Zeneca UK Limited,注冊證號H20090759,生產(chǎn)日期:2007.11~2012.12)靶向治療方案。根據(jù)2002年AJCC/UICC肺癌第6版TNM分期標準進行臨床分期。見表1。
1.2 治療方法
培美曲賽500 mg/m2聯(lián)合順鉑75 mg/m2。兩藥均于化療周期第1天滴注,每3周重復1次,共2個周期。易瑞沙250 mg口服,每日1次,連續(xù)2周為1個周期,連續(xù)2個周期,患者如出現(xiàn)胃腸道反應或骨髓抑制均給予對癥處理,如出現(xiàn)Ⅲ度和/或Ⅳ度反應可減量或停藥。末次化療后2周復查胸部增強CT及NSE測定。NSE結(jié)果:化療前1天以及化療2周期完成后第1天抽取外周血化驗。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法
應用統(tǒng)計學軟件SPSS17.0進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,NSE升降與非小細胞肺癌化療療效比較使用Kaplan-Meier 和Log-rank檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1 NSE水平與易瑞沙靶向治療預后的關系
盡管本研究中只有14例患者接受了易瑞沙治療,但是NSE下降≥16%患者治療的總反應率達到100%,然而NSE下降水平低于16%患者治療的總反應率為0,病情穩(wěn)定率達到64%,病情進展達到34%。
2.2 NSE下降≥16%及下降<16%PFS、OS平均值
依據(jù)RECIST標準,NSE下降幅度≥16%患者的無進展生存期(PFS)的均值為(19.115±2.31)個月(95%CI 14.587~23.643), NSE下降幅度<16%的患者的PFS的均值為(8.563±1.488)個月(95%CI 5.646~11.479)。比較NSE下降幅度≥16%患者的PFS與NSE下降幅度<16%的患者的PFS,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.001)(見表2)。NSE下降幅度大者顯示長PFS。
NSE下降幅度≥16%患者的總生存期(OS)均值為(23.045±1.556)個月(95%CI 19.996~26.049), NSE下降幅度<16%的患者的OS的均值為(17.031±0.950)個月(95%CI 15.170~18.893), 兩組比較在統(tǒng)計學上無明顯差異(P>0.05)(見表2),由此得出,NSE下降幅度大小與患者的總生存期(OS)無關。
表2 NSE下降≥16%及下降<16%PFS、OS平均值(x±s)
2.3 Kaplan- Meier分析得出 PFS與NSE下降幅度≥16%及NSE下降幅度<16%關系
經(jīng)Kaplan- Meier分析,PFS和OS與NSE下降幅度≥16%及NSE下降幅度<16%關系,見圖1、圖2。
圖1 Kaplan- Meier分析得出 PFS與NSE下降幅度≥16%及NSE下降幅度<16%關系(P<0.001)
圖2 Kaplan- Meier分析得出 OS與NSE下降幅度≥16%及NSE下降幅度<16%關系(P>0.05)
3 討論
近年來,肺癌是全世界范圍內(nèi)發(fā)病率最高死亡率增長最快并且預后最差的惡性腫瘤之一。其中85%是屬于非小細胞肺癌,整體預后差,由于它易局部復發(fā)和遠處轉(zhuǎn)移,其5年生存率低于15%[10,11]。對于Ⅱ期和Ⅲa期非小細胞肺癌患者給予化療可以減少可能已發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移的微小轉(zhuǎn)移灶,同時對原發(fā)灶也有抑制生長的作用。PARAMOUNT研究表明,培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑可以使局部進展非小細胞肺癌患者臨床受益,生存時間延長、副反應小、臨床耐受力好。本研究收集了臨床分期Ⅱ期~Ⅲa期非小細胞肺癌患者,所有62例患者均完成了2個周期化療或易瑞沙靶向治療,所有患者均未發(fā)生嚴重化療不良藥物毒性反應。因此,如果可以篩選適合或監(jiān)測非小細胞肺癌化療人群的相關敏感腫瘤標志物,并以此來協(xié)助指導臨床治療,不但可以為廣大的非小細胞肺癌患者帶來福音,同時也能幫助和指導更多的腫瘤科研工作者以及腫瘤臨床醫(yī)生在非小細胞肺癌領域取得更多的成績。
本研究主要回顧NSE,一種神經(jīng)元特異性烯醇化酶與非小細胞肺癌化療的關系的研究。NSE不但在非小細胞肺癌患者中表達會有不同程度的升高,而且,在其他惡性腫瘤如神經(jīng)母細胞瘤、甲狀腺髓質(zhì)癌和小細胞肺癌中亦有升高。NSE已經(jīng)在臨床上被用于鑒別診斷惡性腫瘤、病情監(jiān)測、療效評價和復發(fā)預報[12-14]。但對于NSE與非小細胞肺癌化療的關系目前仍然缺乏大量的研究。Pujol及Jacot等曾經(jīng)指出[15,16],NSE與非小細胞肺癌患者遠期預后以及總生存期有關,但本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),NSE降低僅僅與非小細胞肺癌患者無病進展期有關,而與非小細胞肺癌患者的總生存期無關。分析原因可能與人群差異有關,亞洲人與歐美人存在種族差異,亦有可能該結(jié)果是受限于本研究總樣本數(shù)量相對小,增大樣本也許會產(chǎn)生不同的統(tǒng)計學結(jié)果。因此該研究可以進一步擴大樣本并做統(tǒng)計學分析。另外,本研究結(jié)果證實,非小細胞肺癌接受2周期化療或靶向治療后,NSE下降幅度超過16%組較下降幅度不超過16%組無病生存期明顯延長,且差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
總之,NSE是一個良好的敏感而且特異的可作為預測非小細胞肺癌化療及靶向治療療效的指標。
[參考文獻]
[1] Siegel R,Naishadham D,Jemal A,et al. Cancer statistics[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2012,62(1):10-29.
[2] Jemal A,Bray F,Center MM,et al. Global cancer statistics[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2011,61(2):69-90.
[3] Oak CH,Wilson D,Lee HJ,et al. Potential molecular approaches for the early diagnosis of lung cancer(review)[J]. Mol Med Rep,2012,6(5): 931-936.
[4] National Lung Screening Trial Research Team,Aberle DR,Adams AM,et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening[J]. N Engl J Med,2011,365(5):395-409.
[5] Gridelli C,Rossi A,Di Maio M ,et al. Rationale and design of MILES-3 and MILES-4 studies:Two randomized phase 3 trials comparing single-agent chemotherapy versus cisplatin-based doublets in elderly patients with advanced non-small-Cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Lung Cancer,2014,15(2):166-170.
[6] Kawano Y,Ohyanagi F,Yanagitani N,et al. Pemetrexed and cisplatin for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer in Japanese patients:phase II study[J]. Anticancer Res,2013,33(8):3327-3333.
[7] Yu D,Du K,Liu T,et al. Prognostic value of tumor markers,NSE,CA125 and SCC in operable NSCLC patients[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2013,14(6):11145-11156.
[8] Wang Y, Tang D, Sui A, et al. Prognostic significance of NSE mRNA in advanced NSCLC treated with gefitinib[J]. Clin Transl Oncol,2013,15(5):384-390.
[9] Petrovic M,Baskic D,Bankovic D,et al. Neuroendocrine differentiation as an indicator of chemosensitivity and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Biomarkers,2011,16(4): 311-320.
[10] Jemal A,Siegel R,Xu J,et al. Cancer statistics,2010[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2010,60(5): 277-300.
[11] Yu Y,Chen Z,Dong J,et al. Folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells as a novel diagnostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Translational Oncology,2013,6(6):697-702.
[12] Wang P,Piao Y,Zhang X,et al. The concentration of CYFRA 21-1,NSE and CEA in cerebro-spinal fluid can be useful indicators for diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis of lung cancer[J]. Cancer Biomark,2013,13(2):123-130.
[13] Sitthinamsuwan P,Angkathunyakul N,Chuangsuwanich T,et al. Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the uterine cervix:A clinicopathological study[J]. J Med Assoc Thai,2013, 96(1): 83-90.
[14] Franjevi A,Pavi evi R,Bubanovi G. Differences in initial NSE levels in malignant and benign diseases of the thoracic wall[J]. Clin Lab,2012,58(3-4):245-252.
[15] Pujol JL,Boher JM,Grenier,et al. Cyfra21-1,neuron specific enolase and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer:Prospective study in 621 patients[J]. Ling Cancer,2001,31(2-3):221-231.
[16] Jacot W,Quantin X,Boher JM,et al. Association dEnseignement et de Recherche des Internes en Oncologie,Brain metastases at the time of presentation of non-small cell lung cancer: A multi-centric AERIO analysis of prognostic factors[J]. Br J Cancer,2001,84(7):903-909.
(收稿日期:2014-01-15)
總之,NSE是一個良好的敏感而且特異的可作為預測非小細胞肺癌化療及靶向治療療效的指標。
[參考文獻]
[1] Siegel R,Naishadham D,Jemal A,et al. Cancer statistics[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2012,62(1):10-29.
[2] Jemal A,Bray F,Center MM,et al. Global cancer statistics[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2011,61(2):69-90.
[3] Oak CH,Wilson D,Lee HJ,et al. Potential molecular approaches for the early diagnosis of lung cancer(review)[J]. Mol Med Rep,2012,6(5): 931-936.
[4] National Lung Screening Trial Research Team,Aberle DR,Adams AM,et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening[J]. N Engl J Med,2011,365(5):395-409.
[5] Gridelli C,Rossi A,Di Maio M ,et al. Rationale and design of MILES-3 and MILES-4 studies:Two randomized phase 3 trials comparing single-agent chemotherapy versus cisplatin-based doublets in elderly patients with advanced non-small-Cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Lung Cancer,2014,15(2):166-170.
[6] Kawano Y,Ohyanagi F,Yanagitani N,et al. Pemetrexed and cisplatin for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer in Japanese patients:phase II study[J]. Anticancer Res,2013,33(8):3327-3333.
[7] Yu D,Du K,Liu T,et al. Prognostic value of tumor markers,NSE,CA125 and SCC in operable NSCLC patients[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2013,14(6):11145-11156.
[8] Wang Y, Tang D, Sui A, et al. Prognostic significance of NSE mRNA in advanced NSCLC treated with gefitinib[J]. Clin Transl Oncol,2013,15(5):384-390.
[9] Petrovic M,Baskic D,Bankovic D,et al. Neuroendocrine differentiation as an indicator of chemosensitivity and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Biomarkers,2011,16(4): 311-320.
[10] Jemal A,Siegel R,Xu J,et al. Cancer statistics,2010[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2010,60(5): 277-300.
[11] Yu Y,Chen Z,Dong J,et al. Folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells as a novel diagnostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Translational Oncology,2013,6(6):697-702.
[12] Wang P,Piao Y,Zhang X,et al. The concentration of CYFRA 21-1,NSE and CEA in cerebro-spinal fluid can be useful indicators for diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis of lung cancer[J]. Cancer Biomark,2013,13(2):123-130.
[13] Sitthinamsuwan P,Angkathunyakul N,Chuangsuwanich T,et al. Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the uterine cervix:A clinicopathological study[J]. J Med Assoc Thai,2013, 96(1): 83-90.
[14] Franjevi A,Pavi evi R,Bubanovi G. Differences in initial NSE levels in malignant and benign diseases of the thoracic wall[J]. Clin Lab,2012,58(3-4):245-252.
[15] Pujol JL,Boher JM,Grenier,et al. Cyfra21-1,neuron specific enolase and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer:Prospective study in 621 patients[J]. Ling Cancer,2001,31(2-3):221-231.
[16] Jacot W,Quantin X,Boher JM,et al. Association dEnseignement et de Recherche des Internes en Oncologie,Brain metastases at the time of presentation of non-small cell lung cancer: A multi-centric AERIO analysis of prognostic factors[J]. Br J Cancer,2001,84(7):903-909.
(收稿日期:2014-01-15)
總之,NSE是一個良好的敏感而且特異的可作為預測非小細胞肺癌化療及靶向治療療效的指標。
[參考文獻]
[1] Siegel R,Naishadham D,Jemal A,et al. Cancer statistics[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2012,62(1):10-29.
[2] Jemal A,Bray F,Center MM,et al. Global cancer statistics[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2011,61(2):69-90.
[3] Oak CH,Wilson D,Lee HJ,et al. Potential molecular approaches for the early diagnosis of lung cancer(review)[J]. Mol Med Rep,2012,6(5): 931-936.
[4] National Lung Screening Trial Research Team,Aberle DR,Adams AM,et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening[J]. N Engl J Med,2011,365(5):395-409.
[5] Gridelli C,Rossi A,Di Maio M ,et al. Rationale and design of MILES-3 and MILES-4 studies:Two randomized phase 3 trials comparing single-agent chemotherapy versus cisplatin-based doublets in elderly patients with advanced non-small-Cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Lung Cancer,2014,15(2):166-170.
[6] Kawano Y,Ohyanagi F,Yanagitani N,et al. Pemetrexed and cisplatin for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer in Japanese patients:phase II study[J]. Anticancer Res,2013,33(8):3327-3333.
[7] Yu D,Du K,Liu T,et al. Prognostic value of tumor markers,NSE,CA125 and SCC in operable NSCLC patients[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2013,14(6):11145-11156.
[8] Wang Y, Tang D, Sui A, et al. Prognostic significance of NSE mRNA in advanced NSCLC treated with gefitinib[J]. Clin Transl Oncol,2013,15(5):384-390.
[9] Petrovic M,Baskic D,Bankovic D,et al. Neuroendocrine differentiation as an indicator of chemosensitivity and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Biomarkers,2011,16(4): 311-320.
[10] Jemal A,Siegel R,Xu J,et al. Cancer statistics,2010[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2010,60(5): 277-300.
[11] Yu Y,Chen Z,Dong J,et al. Folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells as a novel diagnostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Translational Oncology,2013,6(6):697-702.
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(收稿日期:2014-01-15)