王磊
(吉林工商學(xué)院外國語學(xué)院,吉林長春 130062)
英語科技文長句結(jié)構(gòu)分析
王磊
(吉林工商學(xué)院外國語學(xué)院,吉林長春 130062)
英語科技文涉及科技領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)知識的文章,反映全球科技的最新進(jìn)展。文體多以議論文為主,說明文為輔。在語言結(jié)構(gòu)層面具有長句錯綜、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、邏輯性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。長句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析是英語科技文閱讀和理解的關(guān)鍵性問題。本文論述了英語科技文長句結(jié)構(gòu)的分析原則并對實(shí)例進(jìn)行了分析。
英語 科技文 長句 結(jié)構(gòu)
英語科技文涉及科技領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)知識的文章,反映全球科技的最新進(jìn)展。文體多以議論文為主,說明文為輔。在語言結(jié)構(gòu)層面具有長句錯綜、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、邏輯性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。長句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析是英語科技文閱讀和理解的關(guān)鍵性問題。
英語科技文中的句子重語法結(jié)構(gòu),通過一系列的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組合成句子,以形連表意連,通過各種限定成分、修飾成分以及補(bǔ)充成分來分析和說明問題、闡明客觀事實(shí)和道理,表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。因此在結(jié)構(gòu)上首先可將其簡化成英語句子的兩個基本結(jié)構(gòu):主謂賓和主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。其次要找到存在的并列關(guān)系(存在代詞指代問題和省略)、非謂語動詞、從句的引導(dǎo)詞、名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句)、形容詞性從句(定語從句)、狀語從句和插入語等成分。另外還要了解主語、賓語和狀語的構(gòu)成,明確副詞和介詞短語在文中的成分和作用。
(1)The things that chemists actually do to investigate the properties and reactions of matter vary widely,and are constantly undergoing change as new methods are developed,new equipment is invented, and new techniques devised.
本句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:The things that…vary widely and are constanctly undergoing…as…。此句是一個由and引導(dǎo)的并列句,主語是The things,謂語是vary和are undergoing,前半句中由that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句修飾things,后半句中的as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。在這個時間狀語從句中有三個并列的簡單句,①new methods are developed.②new equipment is invented.③new techniques(are)devised.第三個簡單句中省略了are。
(2)Comfort care involves adjusting medications to obtain relief of symptoms,providing explanations of likely causes of symptoms,and reassuring families that the constellations of symptoms they witness are expected。
本句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:Comfort care(主語)involves(謂語)adjusting…,providing…and reassuring…that….(that)….。謂語動詞involves有三個并列的由動名詞短語構(gòu)成的賓語。最后一個動名詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)中,reassuring引導(dǎo)了一個賓語從句that the constellations of symptoms they witness are expected,在這個賓語從句中又包含一個省略引導(dǎo)詞that的定語從句“they witness”,修飾先行詞symptoms。
(3)Presidents run for office based on claims of what they will do for a vast and poorly understood economy composed of many unpredictably interacting sectors。
本句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:Presidents(主語)run for(謂語)office(賓語)…。based on claims of…是過去分詞短語作原因狀語。what they will do是介詞of的賓語從句。Composed of是過去分詞短語修飾economy。
(4)The whole world today is so much shaken up with the word“biotechnology”that it has become a strong belief that this is “the field”which will give solution to our any problem.
本句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:the whole world is so…that (結(jié)果狀語從句)…that(belief的同位語從句)…which(定語從句,修飾field)…。
(5)Up to this point architecture has been discussed as a series of linked spaces, each possessing a particular quality and each related to the other.
此句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:Up to this point(狀語)architecture(主語)has been discussed(謂語)as a series of linked spaces(狀語),each possessing a particular quality and each related to the other(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由邏輯主語each和兩個分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞possessing,過去分詞related to)構(gòu)成,表伴隨。
(6)If we acknowledge that an objective of life is the achievement of a continuous flow of harmonious experiences,then the relationship of spaces to one another, as experienced over time,becomes a major design problem.
本句的結(jié)構(gòu)是:If(條件狀語從句)… then(主句)…。在條件狀語從句中that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾acknowledge,主句中非限制性定語從句as experienced over time修飾主句,有插入語的性質(zhì)。主從句各部分的語法成分是:we(主語)acknowledge(謂語)that an objective of life (主語)is(系動詞)the achievement of a continuous flow of harmonious experiences(表語), then the relationship of spaces to one another(主語),as experienced over time(非限制性定語從句),becomes(系動詞)a major design problem(表語)。
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王磊,女,1983年生,吉林工商學(xué)院講師,研究方向:英語語言文學(xué)。