利 珊,葉天南,陸 陽,魏 霄
(上海交通大學 化學化工學院,上海 200240)
水熱法制備非稀土元素Mn摻雜的SrGe4O9紅色熒光粉及其發(fā)光性能
利 珊,葉天南,陸 陽,魏 霄
(上海交通大學 化學化工學院,上海 200240)
采用水熱法合成Mn4+摻雜的SrGe4O9紅色熒光粉,利用X射線衍射儀(XRD)和熒光光譜儀(FS)表征熒光粉的晶體結構并分析其熒光性質,利用電子順磁共振譜(EPR)確定Mn的化學形態(tài). 討論摻雜不同摩爾分數(shù)Mn4+對樣品發(fā)光強度的影響,并比較水熱法與固相法制備熒光粉的發(fā)光特性. 結果表明,SrGe4O9∶Mn4+在423 nm激發(fā)下發(fā)射656 nm紅光,對應于Mn4+的2E2→4A2躍遷.
水熱法; 紅色熒光粉; SrGe4O9∶Mn4+; 光譜特性
白光LED具有環(huán)保、 節(jié)能、 體積小和壽命長等優(yōu)點[1-3],其中商業(yè)化白光LED主要為藍光InGaN半導體芯片激發(fā)黃色熒光粉YAG∶Ce3+形成混合白光[4]. 該方法的優(yōu)點是轉換效率高且成本低,但顯色基元中缺少紅光導致顯色指數(shù)較低[5]. Mn具有豐富的價態(tài)和良好的光學性能,其中Mn4+在六配位主體中,能呈現(xiàn)有效的紅光發(fā)射且易被近紫外和藍光激發(fā)[6-8],已引起人們廣泛關注.
目前,高溫固相法[9]和化學腐蝕法[10-13]是合成熒光粉常用的方法. 但固相法需要較長時間的研磨和高溫加熱,耗能費時; 化學腐蝕法成本高且不環(huán)保. 而水熱法合成的產物具有純度高、 分散性好、 粒度易控制及形貌統(tǒng)一等優(yōu)點[14],在制備熒光材料時可形成均勻的發(fā)光中心. 本文采用水熱法制備SrGe4O9∶Mn4+熒光粉,在423 nm激發(fā)下可發(fā)射656 nm紅光.
1.1SrGe4O9∶Mn4+熒光粉的合成
通過水熱法制備SrGe4O9∶Mn4+(n(Mn)∶(n(Mn)+n(Ge))=0,0.5∶100,1∶100,2.5∶100)的樣品. 將GeO2(分析純),Sr(CH3COO)2(分析純),Mn(NO3)2(分析純)和適量的水加入反應釜內襯中,在室溫下混合攪拌40 min后,裝入反應釜中,于180 ℃烘箱中反應24 h. 冷卻,將反應釜中的樣品用水和乙醇交替洗2~3次后,在烘箱中烘干. 將烘干后的樣品置于剛玉瓷舟內,在通氧氣的管式爐中加熱至1 100 ℃,煅燒8 h. 自然冷卻,取出樣品并研磨成細粉.
1.2測試方法
用D/Max 2550型X射線衍射儀表征樣品的晶體結構(Cu靶,30 mA,40 kV),Kα輻射(λ=0.154 18 nm); 用JES-FA 200型電子順磁共振儀表征樣品的化合形態(tài)(9.45 GHz,340 mT,0.998 mW); 用JSM-7401F型場發(fā)射掃描電子顯微鏡觀察產物形貌; 用QM-4-CW型光譜儀測定樣品的激發(fā)和發(fā)射光譜,掃描速度為480 nm/min.
2.1結構表征

a. x(Mn)=0; 煅燒后: b. x(Mn)=0; c. x(Mn)=0.5%; d. x(Mn)=1%; e. x(Mn)=2.5%.
圖1為不同摩爾分數(shù)Mn4+摻雜SrGe4O9樣品煅燒后的結構. 由圖1可見: 所有樣品衍射峰均與SrGe4O9的標準卡片(JCPDS No.86-1299)一致,表明樣品均為SrGe4O9純相; 摻雜Mn4+未改變SrGe4O9晶格; 樣品經高溫處理后,結晶度明顯提高.
2.2SrGe4O9∶Mn4+的光譜特性

圖2 SrGe4O9∶Mn4+的激發(fā)光譜(A)和發(fā)射光譜(B)Fig.2 Excitation (A) and emission (B) spectra of SrGe4O9∶Mn4+


圖3 水熱法和固相法制備SrGe4O9∶Mn4+的發(fā)射光譜Fig.3 Emission spectra of SrGe4O9∶Mn4+ prepared by hydrothermal method and solid state reaction
通過水熱法和固相法制備SrGe4O9∶Mn4+樣品的發(fā)射光譜如圖3所示. 由圖3可見,水熱法合成的熒光粉發(fā)光強度明顯高于固相法合成的熒光粉發(fā)光強度. 這是由于水熱法制備SrGe4O9樣品中Mn4+的分散性更好所致.
2.3SrGe4O9∶Mn4+的形貌特性
SrGe4O9∶Mn4+(n(Mn)∶(n(Mn)+n(Ge)) =1∶100)樣品的掃描電鏡照片如圖4所示,其中: 圖4(A)為水熱合成未摻雜Mn4+的SrGe4O9; 圖4(B)為水熱合成的SrGe4O9∶Mn4+; 圖4(C)為煅燒后的SrGe4O9∶Mn4+; 圖4(D)為高溫固相法合成的SrGe4O9∶Mn4+. 由圖4可見: 水熱法合成的SrGe4O9∶Mn4+未經高溫處理時,樣品形貌為納米線,且摻雜Mn4+未改變樣品形貌; 經1 100 ℃煅燒后的樣品形貌為納米棒結構; 固相法制備的樣品粒子尺寸大小不均勻,水熱法制備的樣品粒子尺寸均一,形貌統(tǒng)一.

圖4 SrGe4O9∶Mn4+(n(Mn)∶(n(Mn)+n(Ge)) =1∶100)樣品的掃描電鏡照片F(xiàn)ig.4 SEM images of SrGe4O9∶Mn4+ (n(Mn)∶(n(Mn)+n(Ge))=1∶100)
2.4SrGe4O9∶Mn4+的電子順磁共振分析

圖5 SrGe4O9∶Mn4+(n(Mn)∶(n(Mn)+n(Ge))=1∶100)的電子順磁共振譜Fig.5 EPR spectrum of SrGe4O9∶Mn4+(n(Mn)∶(n(Mn)+n(Ge))=1∶100)
圖5為在室溫下樣品的電子順磁共振譜(EPR). 由圖5可見,SrGe4O9∶Mn4+在150~210 mT內有6個共振峰,為Mn4+的特征峰[7]. Mn4+具有3d3電子構型,在g=2.0處,存在EPR信號. 該信號進一步分裂為6個超精細信號,這是由于未成對電子與Mn原子核(核自旋I=3/2)間的相互作用所致[7]. EPR結果表明,Mn 以Mn4+存在于SrGe4O9晶格中.
綜上所述,本文通過水熱法合成了不同摩爾分數(shù)摻雜的SrGe4O9∶Mn4+紅色熒光粉. EPR結果表明,Mn在SrGe4O9中的價態(tài)為+4價; 樣品在423 nm激發(fā)下發(fā)射656 nm紅光,這是由于Mn4+的2E2→4A2躍遷所致; 水熱法明顯高于固相法制備樣品的發(fā)光強度,發(fā)光強度增大是由于水熱法制備SrGe4O9樣品的尺寸形貌均一,Mn4+分散性更好所致.
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(責任編輯: 單 凝)
HydrothermalSynthesisandLuminescentPropertiesofNonRare-EarthMnDopedSrGe4O9RedPhosphor
LI Shan,YE Tiannan,LU Yang,WEI Xiao
(SchoolofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai200240,China)
A hydrothermal method was used to synthesize Mn4+doped SrGe4O9red phosphor. The crystal structure and luminescent properties of the SrGe4O9∶Mn4+were characterized by XRD and FS. The SrGe4O9∶Mn4+phosphor emits red emission at 656 nm due to the2E2→4A2transition of Mn4+. The valence state of Mn was demonstrated by EPR. In addition,the influence of Mn4+doping concentration on the luminescent properties of the phosphor was studied and the luminescent properties of the hydrothermally prepared SrGe4O9∶Mn4+phosphor was compared with those of the control sample prepared from solid state reaction.Key words: hydrothermal method; red phosphor; SrGe4O9∶Mn4+; spectral properties
2013-11-23.
利 珊(1989—),女,漢族,碩士研究生,從事無機功能材料的研究,E-mail: lishan0728@sjtu.edu.cn. 通信作者: 魏 霄(1981—),女,漢族,博士,從事無機功能材料的研究,E-mail: weixiao@sjtu.edu.cn.
國家自然科學基金(批準號: 21201121).
O611.6; TQ137.1
A
1671-5489(2014)05-1055-04