Bacillus subtilis Z-27制劑飼喂斷奶仔豬應用研究

孔少元+姜軍坡+周曙光+朱寶成+王世英

摘要:為了研究枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)Z-27制劑(以下簡稱Z-27菌劑)對斷奶仔豬腸道中微生物菌群及消化酶活力、生長性能和腹瀉率的影響,將供試仔豬分為試驗組和對照組,試驗組飼喂添加0.1% Z-27菌劑的T2飼料,對照組飼喂T2飼料;采集糞便并使用鑒別培養基進行培養和菌落計數;測定仔豬糞便中蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶和纖維素酶等消化酶活力;記錄并計算各組仔豬的平均日增重、料重比及腹瀉率。結果表明,與對照組相比,試驗組仔豬糞便中大腸桿菌(E. coli)數量降低了37.6%,乳酸菌(Lactobacillus)、雙歧桿菌(Bifidobacterium)、芽孢桿菌數量分別增加了45.7%、47.4%、40.1%;試驗組糞便中蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶和纖維素酶的平均酶活力分別增加了62.99%、34.56%、66.57%和133.10%;平均日增重增加了9.37%,料重比降低了4.94%,腹瀉率下降83.22%。表明枯草芽孢桿菌Z-27制劑能夠抑制大腸桿菌等腸道病原菌,促進乳酸菌等有益菌的生長,維護仔豬腸道微生態平衡,有效預防仔豬腹瀉,同時產生多種外源消化酶,有利于提高飼料轉化率,提高仔豬生長性能。

關鍵詞:枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)Z-27制劑;斷奶仔豬;腸道菌群;消化酶;腹瀉

中圖分類號:S828.5;S816.79文獻標識碼:A文章編號:0439-8114(2014)11-2598-04

Application of Bacillus subtilis Z-27 Preparation on Feeding Post-weaning Piglets

KONG Shao-yuan1,JIANG Jun-po1,ZHOU shu-guang2,ZHU Bao-cheng1,WANG Shi-ying1

(1.College of Life Science, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding 071001,Hebei,China;

2. Animal Husbandry of Baoding, Baoding 071000, Hebei,China)

Abstract: The effects of Bacillus subtilis Z-27 preparation on microflora and digestive enzymes in piglets intestinal, growth performance and diarrhea rate were studied through the comparative test of two groups fed adding with 0.1% Z-27 preparation in T2 feed and only T2 feed separately. Colonies in piglets fecal samples were cultured and counted with differential medium. Digestive enzymes activities such as protease, α-amylase, lipase and cellulase in piglets fecal samples and the average daily gain, feed/gain ratio and diarrhea rate were measured and recorded. The results showed that compared with the control group the E. coli in fecal samples of the test group was decreased by 37.6%, while Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bacillus was increased by 45.7%, 47.4% and 40.1%, respectively. Protease, α-amylase, lipase activity and cellulase in fecal samples of the test group was increased by an average of 62.99%, 34.56%, 66.57% and 133.10%, respectively. Average daily gain of piglets was increased 9.37% while feed/gain ratio and diarrhea was decreased 4.94% and 83.22%, respectively. It is indicated that Bacillus subtilis Z-27 preparation could inhibit E. coli and promote the growth of beneficial bacterium, which was in favor of maintaining microecological balance and effectively preventing diarrhea. The exogenous digestive enzymes produced by Z-27 preparation could enhance feed efficiency and improve the performance of post-weaning piglet.

Key words:Bacillus subtilis Z-27 prepration; post-weaning piglets; intestinal microfllora; digestive enzymes; diarrhea

基金項目:國家星火計劃項目(2010GA105010);河北省石家莊市科學技術研究與發展計劃項目(08150142A)

斷奶后仔豬腸道細菌區系變化迅速,如果大腸桿菌(E. coli)過度繁殖成為腸道中優勢菌就會引起仔豬腹瀉的發生[1]。仔豬腸道中存在的有益菌能夠抑制致病菌在腸道內的繁殖,是機體免疫系統不可缺少的重要組分[2,3]。斷奶仔豬處在快速生長發育時期,其消化機能還末發育完全,芽孢桿菌((Bacillus)型微生態制劑可在仔豬腸道中產生蛋白酶、淀粉酶等多種消化酶[4,5],增強仔豬消化機能。研究芽孢桿菌型微生態制劑對仔豬糞樣菌群、消化酶活力的影響,有助于其益生機理的闡明。Zani等[6]使用蠟狀芽孢桿菌(Bacillus cereus)飼喂仔豬,試驗組仔豬腹瀉率降低50%,達到相同體重時試驗組的攝食量比對照組減少10%。Taras等[7]將芽孢桿菌添加到豬飼料中,發現可以防治腹瀉病、提高消化性能。鄺哲師等[8]使用枯草芽孢桿菌飼喂斷奶仔豬,飼喂2周后,試驗組的胃蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶、回腸內蛋白酶和淀粉酶均有提高,與對照相比差異顯著(P<0.05)。尹清強等[9]在哺乳仔豬的教槽料和斷奶仔豬的保育料中加入含有枯草芽孢桿菌、乳酪桿菌的微生態制劑,可維持仔豬胃腸道微生物區系的穩定,使仔豬的腹瀉率和死亡率明顯降低(P<0.05),并能提高胃中蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力。