李娜 尹娜 牛祖彪 等
摘要:以冬小麥濰麥8號為試材,研究不同濃度CPPU處理的小麥萌發胚以及種子所獲植株的分蘗及植株發育變化。結果顯示,CPPU可以促進小麥萌發胚形成的幼苗產生分蘗,當CPPU濃度小于6 μmol·L-1時,產生的分蘗數隨著CPPU濃度的升高而增多,而且隨著處理時間的延長,二級分蘗苗的比率也增大;但是CPPU濃度高于10 μmol·L-1時會對幼苗的生長造成毒害。在一定濃度范圍內,CPPU浸種處理的有效穗數也是隨著濃度的升高而增多。CPPU處理后的小麥幼苗生長素合成基因TaYUCCA10的表達比對照增多,且隨處理時間的延長表達量呈上升趨勢。
關鍵詞:CPPU;小麥;分蘗
中圖分類號:S512.101文獻標識號:A文章編號:1001-4942(2014)10-0035-05
3討論與結論
在組織培養中,加入CPPU作為激素類物質能夠促進愈傷組織產生芽,通過調整CPPU與NAA的濃度比例對番茄的子葉和下胚軸愈傷組織不定芽的分化都有良好的促進效果[23]。CPPU還能誘導紫背天葵葉片直接分化形成不定芽[24]。本試驗發現在培養基上添加CPPU后,能顯著促使幼苗產生分蘗,在一定濃度范圍內隨著CPPU濃度的提高,分蘗數也升高而且二級分蘗也顯著增多,但當濃度大于6 μmol·L-1時,會對幼苗產生一定的傷害導致幼苗生長變弱甚至枯死。用CPPU浸種后分蘗數也隨濃度的升高而增多,在5~20 μmol·L-1范圍內分蘗數都呈增多趨勢。
分蘗是小麥、水稻等禾谷類作物的重要特性,單株有效分蘗數是構成小麥產量的重要因素之一[25]。本研究發現不同濃度CPPU處理后小麥有效分蘗數明顯提高。將種子在萌發期進行CPPU浸泡處理后移種至大田,分蘗數也較對照組有提高,表明CPPU在小麥萌發初期就誘導分蘗的發生并能提高有效分蘗數。
CPPU能夠誘導小麥中生長素合成基因表達上調,CPPU的加入導致內源IAA含量提高,促使分蘗芽的發生和增多。這為小麥分蘗機制的研究提供了一條嶄新的途徑。植物激素中的生長素和細胞分裂素是影響分蘗的非常重要的兩種激素,其中生長素最早被Thimann和Skoog[26]發現有抑制側芽生長的作用,Leyser[27,28]關于生長素抑制側芽生長的機制做了很多研究。但是CPPU作為一種植物生長促進劑,目前的研究認為CPPU主要是細胞分裂素氧化酶的抑制劑[29~31],通過減弱細胞分裂素氧化酶的催化作用而相應地增加內源細胞分裂素的含量。因此CPPU這種高效的生長調節劑對小麥分蘗的影響作用機制有待深入研究。
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[12]魏小萍,魏秀玲,張立全,等. CPPU在小麥花藥培養中的應用效果[J]. 北京農業科學,1995,13(4):15-17.
[13]Li X,Qian Q,Fu Z,et al. Control of tillering in rice[J]. Nature,2003,422:618-621.
[14]Takeda T,Suwa Y,Suzuki M,et al. The OsTB1 gene negatively regulates lateral branching in rice[J]. The Plant Journal,2003,33:513-520.
[15]Ishikawa S,Maekawa M,Arite T,et al. Supression of tiller bud activity in tillering dwarf mutants of rice[J]. Plant Cell Physiology,2005,46:79-86.
[16]趙會杰,鄒琪,張秀英. 兩個不同穗型小麥品種生育后期碳水化合物代謝的比較研究[J]. 作物學報,2003,29(5):676-681.
[17]李春喜,趙廣才,代西梅,等.小麥分蘗變化動態與內源激素關系的研究[J].作物學報,2000,26(6):963-968.
[18]張倩輝,張曉科,劉偉華,等. 小麥有效分蘗數的遺傳分析[J]. 麥類作物學報,2008, 28(4):573-576.
[19]Richards R A A. Tiller inhibition gene in wheat and its effecton plant growth[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1988,39:749-757.
[20]Spielmeyer W,Richards R A. Comparative mapping of wheat chromosome 1AS which contains the tiller inhibition gene(tin)with rice chromosome 5S[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2004,109:1303-1310.
[21]Peng Z S,Yen C,Yang J L. Genetic control of oligo-culmsin common wheat[J]. Wheat Information Service,1998,26:19-24.
[22]Kuraparthy V,Sood S,Dhaliwal H S,et al. Identification and mapping of a tiller inhabition gene(tin3) in wheat[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetic,2007,114:285-294.
[23]李永輝,白遠國,鄧紅云,等. “保冠一號”番茄子葉與下胚軸的愈傷組織誘導與植株再生[J]. 安徽農業科學,2007,35(12):3475,3507.
[24]陳雄偉,陳剛,王瑛華. TDZ和CPPU對鼎湖山紫背天葵不定芽誘導的影響[J]. 安徽農業科學,2009,37(27):13336-13338.
[25]周紅武. 小麥成熟期主莖形態與單株有效分蘗數的關系[J]. 北京農業, 2007(36):1-4.
[26]Thimann K V, Skoog F. On the inhibition of bud development and other functions of growth substance in Viciafaba [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:Series B, 1934, 114:317-339.
[27]Leyser O. Regulation of shoot branching by auxin [J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2003, 8:541-545.
[28]Leyser O. The fall and rise of apical dominance [J]. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, 2005, 15: 468-471.
[29]Burch L R, Horgan R. The purification of cytokinin oxidase from Zea mays kernels[J]. Phytochemistry, 1989, 28:1313-1319.
[30]Hare P D, Van Staden J. Inhibitory effect of thidiazuron on the activity of cytokinin oxidase isolated from soybean callus[J]. Plant Cell Physiol., 1994, 35:1121- 1125.
[31]Bilyeu K D, Cole J L, Laskey J G, et al. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a cytokinin oxidase from maize [J]. Plant Physiol., 2001, 125:378-386.
[12]魏小萍,魏秀玲,張立全,等. CPPU在小麥花藥培養中的應用效果[J]. 北京農業科學,1995,13(4):15-17.
[13]Li X,Qian Q,Fu Z,et al. Control of tillering in rice[J]. Nature,2003,422:618-621.
[14]Takeda T,Suwa Y,Suzuki M,et al. The OsTB1 gene negatively regulates lateral branching in rice[J]. The Plant Journal,2003,33:513-520.
[15]Ishikawa S,Maekawa M,Arite T,et al. Supression of tiller bud activity in tillering dwarf mutants of rice[J]. Plant Cell Physiology,2005,46:79-86.
[16]趙會杰,鄒琪,張秀英. 兩個不同穗型小麥品種生育后期碳水化合物代謝的比較研究[J]. 作物學報,2003,29(5):676-681.
[17]李春喜,趙廣才,代西梅,等.小麥分蘗變化動態與內源激素關系的研究[J].作物學報,2000,26(6):963-968.
[18]張倩輝,張曉科,劉偉華,等. 小麥有效分蘗數的遺傳分析[J]. 麥類作物學報,2008, 28(4):573-576.
[19]Richards R A A. Tiller inhibition gene in wheat and its effecton plant growth[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1988,39:749-757.
[20]Spielmeyer W,Richards R A. Comparative mapping of wheat chromosome 1AS which contains the tiller inhibition gene(tin)with rice chromosome 5S[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2004,109:1303-1310.
[21]Peng Z S,Yen C,Yang J L. Genetic control of oligo-culmsin common wheat[J]. Wheat Information Service,1998,26:19-24.
[22]Kuraparthy V,Sood S,Dhaliwal H S,et al. Identification and mapping of a tiller inhabition gene(tin3) in wheat[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetic,2007,114:285-294.
[23]李永輝,白遠國,鄧紅云,等. “保冠一號”番茄子葉與下胚軸的愈傷組織誘導與植株再生[J]. 安徽農業科學,2007,35(12):3475,3507.
[24]陳雄偉,陳剛,王瑛華. TDZ和CPPU對鼎湖山紫背天葵不定芽誘導的影響[J]. 安徽農業科學,2009,37(27):13336-13338.
[25]周紅武. 小麥成熟期主莖形態與單株有效分蘗數的關系[J]. 北京農業, 2007(36):1-4.
[26]Thimann K V, Skoog F. On the inhibition of bud development and other functions of growth substance in Viciafaba [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:Series B, 1934, 114:317-339.
[27]Leyser O. Regulation of shoot branching by auxin [J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2003, 8:541-545.
[28]Leyser O. The fall and rise of apical dominance [J]. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, 2005, 15: 468-471.
[29]Burch L R, Horgan R. The purification of cytokinin oxidase from Zea mays kernels[J]. Phytochemistry, 1989, 28:1313-1319.
[30]Hare P D, Van Staden J. Inhibitory effect of thidiazuron on the activity of cytokinin oxidase isolated from soybean callus[J]. Plant Cell Physiol., 1994, 35:1121- 1125.
[31]Bilyeu K D, Cole J L, Laskey J G, et al. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a cytokinin oxidase from maize [J]. Plant Physiol., 2001, 125:378-386.