高登平
656400云南省巧家縣疾病預防控制中心
巧家縣結核病分布的流行病學調查分析及防治對策
高登平
656400云南省巧家縣疾病預防控制中心
doi∶10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2015.31.104
目的:探討結核病分布的流行病學調查結果及防治對策。方法:對2 822例結核病患者進行回顧性分析,對其流行病學特征、年齡、性別等情況進行分析。結果:2 822例結核病患者中,初治涂陽1 152例,近6年結核病發現率逐年上升趨勢;15~44歲人群發病率最高,其次45~64歲和>65歲,0~14歲最低;男性患者較多,女性患者相對較少。結論:為更好地控制結核病流行,有效防治結核病,應加強加大經費投入力度,提高政府的重視,加強防治結核病相關知識宣傳,加強綜合醫療機構和結防機構的合作,加強可疑結核患者,特別是對確診為結核病患者的追蹤,規范治療和管理結核病患者,提高大眾對結核病預防的認知程度,防止結核病流行。
結核病;分布;流行;調查分析;防治對策
本文通過對巧家縣結核病的分布進行流行病學調查分析,對結核病疫情發展進行一定的了解,從而根據情況制定結核病防治對策,防止結核病流行,現報告如下。
材料來源:歷年結核病患者登記表、中國疾病預防控制信息系統;新發患者名冊、年度統計表;結核患者病歷。人口資料來源于縣統計局。
診斷標準:按肺結核診斷標準《結核病防治手冊》及中國結核病防治規劃實施工作指南(2008版)[1]。
方法:對我縣2005年1月-2014年12月的結核病患者的臨床資料進行回顧性分析,對其流行病學特征、年齡、職業、性別、學歷等一般情況進行分析。
結核病發病情況:結核病患者2 822例,初治涂陽1 152例,近6年我縣結核病發病呈逐年下降。見表1。

表1 巧家縣2005-2014年結核病患者登記情況(例)
不同年齡段結核病的發病情況:15~44歲的人群發病率最高,占42.66%;其次為45~64歲和>65歲的人群,占患者總數的36.07%;發病率最低的是0~14歲人群;男性患者較多,女性患者相對較少。見表2。
結核病不同職業的發病情況:農民的發病率最高[2],占51.66%;其次為職員和離退休人員,學生的發病率最低,但容易出現校園流行。
結核病不同性別的發病情況:男性多于女性,見表3。
Investigation,analysis and prevention counterm easures of the tuberculosis distribution epidem iology in Q iaojia county
Gao Dengping
CenterforDisease Controland Prevention ofQiaojia County,Yunnan Province 654600
Objective∶To explore the investigation result and prevention countermeasures of the tuberculosis distribution epidemiology.Methods∶2 822 patients with tuberculosis were given retrospectively analyzed.The epidemiological characteristics, age,sex and so on were analyzed.Results∶In 2 822 patients with tuberculosis,1 152 caseswere initial smear positives.In recent 6 years,the discovery rate of tuberculosis was increasing year by year.The incidence rate of 15 to 44 years old was the highest, followed by 45 to 64 years old and over 65 years old,0 to 14 years old was lowest,themale patientsweremore,the female patients were relatively less.Conclusion∶In order to better control the tuberculosis epidemic,effective prevention and treatment of tuberculosis,itshould be strengthen enlarging the funds investment,improve the government'sattention,strengthen the propaganda of prevention and treatment of tuberculosis related knowledge,strengthen the cooperation of comprehensivemedical institutions and TB institutions,strengthen the trace of suspicious tuberculosis patients,especially diagnosis of TB patients,standardized treatment and management of TB patients,improve cognition degree of public for prevention against tuberculosis to prevent tuberculosisepidemic.
Tuberculosis;Distribution;Epidemic;Investigation and analysis;Prevention countermeasures