南水北調(diào)中線工程丹江口水庫(kù)消落區(qū)植物材料及應(yīng)用研究

任建武 任海 李梓楠 程?hào)|明 肖雄

摘要：本文分析適宜丹江口水庫(kù)消落區(qū)環(huán)境生長(zhǎng)的植物品種，分別在丹江口市涼水河鎮(zhèn)白龍泉村和鄖縣楊樹(shù)鋪鎮(zhèn)清涼寺村兩個(gè)試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行植物種植試驗(yàn)，結(jié)果表明：竹柳、金絲垂柳等植物材料適宜庫(kù)區(qū)消落區(qū)種植，能為當(dāng)?shù)貛?lái)可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、社會(huì)效益及生態(tài)效益。

關(guān)鍵詞：丹江口水庫(kù);消落區(qū);植物配置;經(jīng)營(yíng)模式

中圖分類號(hào)：S759.9文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A文章編號(hào)：1004-3020（2015）03-0001-05

Application Research on Plant Materials of Riparian Zone in Danjiangkou Reservoir

of the Medial Route of SouthToNorth Water Diversion Project

Ren Jianwu（1）Ren Hai（2）Li Zinan （1）Cheng Dongming（3）Xiao Xiong（4）

（1.College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology，Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083;

2. South China Institute of Botany ， Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510650;

3.The SouthToNorth Water Diversion Project Office in Danjiangkou City in Hubei ProvinceShiyan442700;

4.The SouthToNorth Water Diversion Project Office in Yun County in Hubei ProvinceShiyan442500）

Abstract： We analyzed if the tree species were suitable for growth in Danjiangkou Reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt. The trees planting experiment was carried out respectively in two places which were Bailongquan village，Liangshuihe Town and Qingliangsi village，Yangshupu Town，Yun county， Danjiangkou city. The results showed that plant materials such as Salix dislolor，Salix babylonica were suitable for planting in reservoir hydrofluctuation belt. It can bring considerable economic， social and ecological benefit by project implementation.

Key words：Danjiangkou Reservoir; riparian zone; plant arrangement; management pattern

消落地是一類具有陸地和水域的雙重屬性的特殊季節(jié)性濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。因階段性的水位漲落出現(xiàn)的反復(fù)淹沒(méi)和裸露，形成的消落地庫(kù)區(qū)因季節(jié)性的土地淹沒(méi)不利于植物生長(zhǎng)，使消落地的生物種類減少，降低生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，最終導(dǎo)致生態(tài)系統(tǒng)破壞。消落帶還是庫(kù)區(qū)泥沙、有機(jī)物、化肥和農(nóng)藥進(jìn)入水庫(kù)的最后屏障，作為陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)與水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之間的過(guò)渡地帶，是生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱的地帶。因此，消落帶具有明顯的環(huán)境因子、生態(tài)過(guò)程和植物群落梯度等特征，容易發(fā)生水土流失、泥沙淤積、土壤水陸交叉污染、物種多樣性減少以及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化等生態(tài)問(wèn)題，且各種生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題表現(xiàn)出潛伏性、傳遞性、長(zhǎng)期性和積累性[1-2]。

丹江口水庫(kù)庫(kù)周蓄水后，原有的植被將受到淹水與干旱交替的破壞性影響，可能引起庫(kù)周水土流失、庫(kù)底泥沙淤積、庫(kù)容減少、水質(zhì)下降等一系列的后果。此外，新形成消落地荒蕪也是對(duì)土地資源的浪費(fèi)，如果不加引導(dǎo)，無(wú)序開(kāi)發(fā)則可能導(dǎo)致水源地污染。……