淺談must的其他用法

趙洪濤

摘 要：本文歸納了must的其他用法，并說明了must應注意的問題。

關鍵詞：must；高考真題

中圖分類號：G632 文獻標識碼：B 文章編號：1002-7661（2015）05-373-01

一、引入問題。

在做冠詞、名詞專題練習時，筆者遇到這樣一道選擇題：

The dictionary is____ must for the student of _______English.

A. the； the B.a；a C. a；/ D. the；/

大部分學生認為是D，其原因 for the student of _____English是修飾must作定語，表示特指，所以應該用冠定詞。筆者查閱了相關資料，發現must作為名詞前一定是用不定冠詞。

梁實秋《遠東英漢大辭典》（P1370）解釋：n.必須做（必須看、必須聽）的事。

eg 1） Her singing was a Sunday night must for millions of radio listeners.

2） The new show at the international theatre this week is an absolute must.

陸谷孫《英漢大詞典》下卷 eg. 1） Warm clothes are a must in the mountains .

2）The return of the occupied land is a must. 張道真《現代英語用法詞典》（P2782）1）Green's new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction .

2） A dinner jacket is a must here.

另外，在1996年高考題中曾出現過這樣的句子：Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. （2010高考預測卷） To this end， an all-round， balanced and effective reform of the international system is thus __ must to prevent ___ future repeat. A. the； the B. a； the C. a； a D. the； a 此題答案是C，句意是：因此為了防止以后的重復，對國際體系進行全面、平衡、有效的改革是必須之事。

二、must的基本用法

1）must通常表示必須（suggest a command or an obligation） 必然、肯定的推測（a logical conclusion， a strong likelihood）.強調義務，其否定式用needn't或don't have to表示。這是最基本的用法，2011年英語高考中共有四道單選題。

（2011，全國Ⅱ）If you ____ smoke， please go outside.

A. can B. should C. must D. may 答案：C

（2011，遼寧）If you ____ go， at least wait until the storm is over.

A. can B. may C. must D. will 答案：C

（2011，福建）----Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now？

----I am afraid you ____， in case he comes late for the meeting.

A. will B. must C. may D. can 答案：B

（2011，福建）---- My teacher says she's canceling the class play， I just

can't understand.

---- ____. You were looking forward to it.

A. It doesn't matter B. It's very unwise of her

C. Don't worry about it D.You must be disappointed 答案：D

（2008，陜西）----What sort of house do you want to have？ Something big？

---- Well， it____ be big—that is not important.

A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.won't 答案：B

（2007，重慶）----What do you think we can do for our aged parents？

---- You ____ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.

A.don't have to B.oughtn't to C.mustn't D.can't 答案： A

2）否定式mustn't表示“禁止”，強調不許，可它實際上是情態動詞may（可以）的否定式，通常譯為“不要”、“不可能”。 eg. You mustn't forget to lock

the door.

（2010，陜西）----May I take this book out of the reading room？

---- No， you____. You read it in here.

A.mightn't B.won't C.needn't D.mustn't 答案：D

（2010，重慶） You _____ park here！ It's an emergency exit.

A.wouldn't B.needn't C.couldn't D.mustn't 答案：D

（2006，天津） We _____ have proved great adventures， but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.

A. needn't B.may not C.shouldn't D.mustn't 答案：B

（2008，福建質檢Ⅰ）“You ____ smoke in the bedroom.”Rose said to her husband

and pushed him out of the room.

A. needn't B.mustn't C.dare not D.won't 答案：B

3）must后面接進行式的動詞，表示“馬上就要進行”的動作。動詞進行式與always， continually， constantly， forever等表示“經常”的狀語連用，表示反復發生的動作，而且帶有贊揚或責備的感情色彩。 eg. You mustn't be talking so much. 你不該講這么多話。表示對反復饒舌的責備的感情。

最后，must還有些用法也值得我們關注。如作形容詞，意思是“必要的，必不可少的，極其重要的”。

eg.① Let the other work go， this is a must job.

② This is a must book for your reading.

③ a must book for the student of aerodynamic

參考文獻：

[1] 崔平麗 5年高考3年模擬 2011版 高考英語新課標專用

[2] 梁實秋《遠東英漢大辭典》

[3] 張道真《現代英語用法詞典》

[3] 陸谷孫《英漢大詞典》