都靈2006年冬奧會的4個場館

達(dá)維德·韋羅/Davide Vero

都靈2006年冬奧會的4個場館

Four Venues of the Torino 2006 Winter Olympic Games

達(dá)維德·韋羅/Davide Vero

冰球館，都靈，意大利Ice Hockey Arena, Torino, Italy, 2005

這個新的大型城市空間取代了為1933年利托里奧運動會而建的市體育場、馬拉托納塔和紀(jì)念游泳池。

在原有的場地上，新的冬奧會工程將新的冰球場與保留的遺產(chǎn)建筑連在一起，并重新設(shè)計了巨大的軍事廣場公園南緣作為新的體育基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。那里最近還新添了一座游泳館。這些建筑不僅在視覺上是相互聯(lián)系的，而更重要的是在尺度和象征意義上。由磯崎新設(shè)計的冰球場比例也用在了旁邊的賽場上。同時，冰球場還與奧林匹克體育場等高，形成了地平高度不同的大盒子。入口位于首層，地下層（-7.50m）是冰球場地，首層上下均設(shè)有坐席。

這一方案出自對人流的分析和賽后再利用的要求。為滿足多功能使用，坐席和天花還是可移動的。

室內(nèi)的動態(tài)讓室外連續(xù)的鋼掛板和水平窗構(gòu)成的立面更有韻律。這個金屬表皮表達(dá)的概念是從混凝土和玻璃的基座中升起的長方形盒子。室外的城市空間為新老建筑提供了場地，而冰球館前的空間是廣場和公園。□（尚晉 譯）

This big new urban space has become a synonym of the transformation of an area previously occupied by the former Municipal Stadium, the Maratona Tower, and by the Monumental Swimming Pool, which were built for the 1933 Lictorian Games.

The new project for the Winter Olympic Games connected the new Ice Hockey Arena with existing heritage buildings, and redesigned the southern edge of the huge Piazza d’Armi park with new sports infrastructure, recently improved by a new Swimming Palace.The relationship between these buildings is not only visual, but is first and foremost dimensional and symbolic. The same proportions of the Arena, designed by Arata Isozaki, are used in the field across from the venue; similarly, the Arena keeps the same height as the Olympic Stadium, which creates a multilayered building. On the ground floor, the entrances are situated. At the lowered level (-7.5 meters) the ice hockey rink is placed, while seating is located above and below the ground floor.

This design solution originated from an analysis of the movements of people, and from a desire for post-Olympic reuse; in particular, a multi-purpose use is granted by the movable bleachers and by the ceiling.

This internal dynamism enhances the external fa?ade, organized as a pattern of steel panels, randomly interrupted by horizontal windows. This metal shell highlights the concept of a rectangular box emerging from a base made of concrete and glass. Outside, the urban space creates an interface for the new and the old buildings; in front of the Arena, this space becomes a plaza and a park.□

項目信息/Credits and Data

功能/Purpose: 冰球館/Ice Hockey Arena

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: 磯崎新/Arata Isozaki

設(shè)計團隊/Project Team: Arata Isozaki & Associates Co. Ltd., ARCHA s.p.a., ARUP s.r.l., Giuseppe Gasparo Amaro, Marco Brizio

成本/Approx. Cost: € 88,000,000

1 外景/Exterior view

2 內(nèi)景/Interior view

3廣場/Plaza

奧運村，都靈，意大利Olympic Village, Torino, Italy, 2006

這座新的運動員村改變了都靈城市南郊的一整片區(qū)域。它的旁邊是火車站，后面是原來的菲亞特—靈格托廠房。1980年代倫佐·皮亞諾對其進行過翻新。項目的布局在現(xiàn)有的MOI（都靈原蔬菜批發(fā)市場）理性主義結(jié)構(gòu)上創(chuàng)造出一個新的樞紐。它既有歷史和象征價值，又包含工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)的要素，還是運動員和市民的服務(wù)設(shè)施。

整個地區(qū)的設(shè)計保護了城市肌理的連續(xù)性，通過延續(xù)MOI的格網(wǎng)形成了具有共通性的平面。而來自歐洲各地的數(shù)十位設(shè)計師以形式和類別上多元化的建筑語匯設(shè)計了新建筑。他們主要的目標(biāo)就是創(chuàng)造出獨一無二的街區(qū)——不僅為奧運賽會，更重要的是考慮未來的使用。

改造中最明顯的要素是步行橋的紅色支撐拱，這是通向城市的大門、連接運動員村和林戈托的構(gòu)筑物。任何一個變化都會由景觀、建筑和符號的設(shè)計與過去聯(lián)系在一起。□ （尚晉 譯）

The new athletes' village transformed an entire portion of the city. The project converted an area located in the southern outskirts of Torino, adjacent to a railway station and facing the former FIATLingotto factory, which was rehabilitated by Renzo Piano in the 1980s. This project has created a new hub, based on the existing rationalist structure of the MOI (Torino's former wholesale vegetable market). The project has also assumed a historic and symbolic value, becoming an element of industrial heritage and also a service for athletes and citizens.

The continuity with the urban fabric was provided by a design of the entire area, which extended the grid produced by the MOI and rendered a shared plan. Several teams of designers from all over Europe designed the new houses, producing a diversified aggregation of architectural languages in various forms and types. Their main goal was to create a unique neighbourhood not only for the Olympic events but, most importantly, for post-Olympic use.

The most visible element of this transformation is the red supporting archway of the pedestrian bridge, a gateway to the city and a structure that links the athletes' village with the Lingotto factory. Changes should always link with the past, especially in the design of landscape, buildings and symbols.□

項目信息/Credits and Data

功能/Purpose: 城市中的運動員村、服務(wù)中心和步行橋/ Athletes' urban village, service center and pedestrian bridge主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Benedetto Camerana

設(shè)計團隊/Project Team: AIA architectes, Studio Derossi Associati, Hugh Dutton Associés, Faber Maunsell Ltd., Studio Inarco; Angela Maccianti, Carlo Perego di Cremnago, Agostino Politi, PRODIM s.r.l., Giorgio Rosental, Studio Steidle und Partners

成本/Approx. Cost: € 140,000,000

1-4 都靈冬奧會奧運村/Olympic Village, Torino（圖片來源/Credits：Studio Rosental and Davide Vero）

中央運動員村，巴多內(nèi)基亞，意大利Medail Athletes' Village, Bardonecchia, Italy, 2006

中央運動員村位于海拔1312m的巴多內(nèi)基亞，是參加各項奧運賽事的運動員的居住地。這座建筑原來是吉諾·萊維—蒙塔爾奇尼 1937-1939年間設(shè)計的日光浴療養(yǎng)院，如今成了比賽的起點。整體布局呈希臘回紋式，建筑群由帶有水平線和碩大體塊的6個要素組成，中間是圍合庭院。

這個原先的日光浴療養(yǎng)院是典型的現(xiàn)代主義建筑，也是意大利法西斯政權(quán)的一座標(biāo)志性建筑。它的造型和材料受到項目的象征意義以及當(dāng)時經(jīng)濟蕭條的影響，因此所用的磚、石、木等材料都產(chǎn)自本地。隨后幾年中，建筑先被廢棄，后又被改造。空間、材料、色彩和建筑模式都發(fā)生了變化。

該項目的意圖是恢復(fù)建筑最初的語匯——包括新建筑和原建筑群——以便創(chuàng)造更多的宿舍空間。

依據(jù)文獻的復(fù)原能為場地的復(fù)原和更新提供設(shè)計。研究不但揭示出原始的關(guān)系和模式，還延續(xù)了與增建部分的對話。□（尚晉 譯）

The Medail Athletes' Village is located in Bardonecchia at an altitude of 1312 meters, and it was used to house the athletes who took part in various competitions during the Olympic Games. The central building, which had been originally designed by Gino Levi-Montalcini and built between 1937 and 1939 as a heliotherapy colony, serves as the village's starting point. The layout is structured following a Greek fret, and the complex is composed of six elements, characterized by horizontal lines and massive wings, and organised around a central courtyard.

The former sun therapy centre originally represented an important example of Modernist Architecture, and it served as a landmark of Italian architecture during the Fascist Regime. The forms and the materials were influenced by the symbolic intentions of the project and also by the economic scarcity of the period. As a consequence, the employed materials, such as the bricks, stone and wood, were locally sourced. In the following years the complex faced abandonment and some transformation, as well as a change in spaces, materials, colours, and architectural forms.

The purpose of this project aimed at restoring the original language of the building, and to create additional accommodations in both existing and new structures.

Thanks to a philological approach an integration between restoration and new functions has been possible, bringing to light the original architectural characters, with a continuous dialogue with the new parts. □

項目信息/Credits and Data

位置/Location: 蘇薩谷，巴多內(nèi)基亞/Bardonecchia, Susa Valley

功能/Purpose: 滑雪運動員村（滑板、俯式、自由式和小雪橇）/Athletes' mountain village (snowboard, skeleton, freestyle and luge)

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Sintecna s.r.l.

設(shè)計團隊/Project Team: Paolo Napoli, Consuelo Orza, Base Engineering s.r.l., Loredana Dionigio, Maria Pia Orsini, Studio Pession Associato, Tetra Studio Architetti Associati, EL s.r.l., Metec s.r.l., Impro s.r.l., Golden Associates s.r.l., Studio Abacus s.a.s.

執(zhí)行設(shè)計/Executive Design: Studio A.S. Architetti Associati成本/Approx. Cost: € 28,000,000

1 原有的日光浴療養(yǎng)院/The former sun therapy center 2-4 中央運動員村/Medail Athletes' Village（1-4 圖片來源/Credits：Studio A.S.）

滑雪道，普拉杰拉托，意大利Ski Jumps, Pragelato, Italy, 2005

滑雪道的設(shè)計不但十分復(fù)雜而且困難重重。經(jīng)過一番縝密的思考，都靈2006年奧運組委會選擇了基索內(nèi)谷海拔1518m的普拉杰拉托村。這個戰(zhàn)略性的選擇兼顧了地理位置和形態(tài)因素。設(shè)計有意將5條滑道分成兩組。一組包含兩條大型賽用滑道，其余3條另一組，供訓(xùn)練用。這一獨具匠心的做法是為了保護當(dāng)?shù)孛艿穆淙~松林，而這也成了一道優(yōu)美的背景和運動員的天然擋風(fēng)屏。

考慮到奧運規(guī)則，對山側(cè)的輪廓加以保留，并將賽場盡可能地隱蔽起來。同時還要對運動員的競技行為進行空氣動力學(xué)分析，保證嚴(yán)格精確。

大小起伏的輪廓減少了土方挖掘。這一原則也被用在其他地方，比如運動員的熱身區(qū)、出發(fā)區(qū)、裁判臺和酒店。布局上還考慮了對基索內(nèi)河的保護。□（尚晉 譯）

The realization of trampolines for ski jump is both complex and problematic. After a series of careful considerations, the 2006 Olympics Committee chose Pragelato, a village in the Chisone Valley at an altitude of 1518 meters. It was a strategic choice, both for its geographical location and for some morphological aspects. The project purposely grouped the five trampolines into two blocks, a first block consists of the two large competition ski jumps, while a second block the remaining three, which were used for training. This operation helped to curb further deforestation of the area, which is extensively covered in larches.These trees create scenery and a natural barrier for the athletes against the wind.

The intent to preserve the outline of the mountainside, which was done in order to camouflage the site as much as possible, had to come to terms with the rules and regulations of the Olympic standards, which required strict precision and an analysis of the aerodynamic behaviour of the athletes.

The different overlapping outlines of the complex attempted to reduce excavations and earthmoving; this same principle was adopted in the other construction works, such as the warm-up area for the athletes, the starting area, the judges tower and the hotel. The layout took into consideration the Chisone stream as an asset to preserve and protect.□

項目信息/Credits and Data

位置/ Location: 基索內(nèi)谷，普拉杰拉托/Pragelato, Chisone Valley

功能/Purpose: 滑雪道及設(shè)施/ Trampolines and services for ski jump

主持工程師/Principal Engineers: Studio Tecnico Diego Pedrolli

設(shè)計團隊/Project Team: Pietro Vanzo, Wolfgang Happle, Soc. Sintecna s.r.l., Giorgio Marè, Stefano Seita, Marco Zocco/AT Studio Associato

成本/Approx. Cost: € 35,000,000

1 遠(yuǎn)景/Distant view

2 滑雪道/Ski jumps

都靈理工大學(xué)

2015-08-15