榮紅霞 石孟悅
[摘 要] 外貿企業的融資活動可以看成是一種動態博弈,這種動態博弈的信息是不完全的。我國外貿企業目前的融資是十分困難的,外源性融資的不足是我國外貿企業資金不充足的重要原因。企業與銀行中的信息存在不對稱現象,銀行與企業都不是可以單獨存在的,二者相互影響,相互博弈,相互促進。通過建立博弈論模型,能夠更深刻的了解到企業披露自身信息的重要性,以及提高商譽的重要性。隨著政府的支持,銀行的配合以及企業自身的努力,我國外貿企業一定能解決信息不對稱的問題,克服融資困難。
[關鍵詞] 博弈視角;外貿企業;融資;信息不對稱;對策和建議
[中圖分類號] F640 [文獻標識碼] A
Abstract: Financing activities of foreign trade enterprises could be seemed as a kind of dynamic game; information in the dynamic game is not complete. China's foreign trade enterprises have serious financial difficulties. The main cause for capital scarce of the enterprises is the insufficient exogenous financing. There is information asymmetry between the enterprise and banks; however, the two could not survive independently. They affect, play chess against and facilitate the growth of each other. By building a game theoretical model, the importance of information disclosure by enterprises themselves and the significance of improving business reputation are understood profoundly. With governmental support, bank cooperation and enterprises effort, foreign trade businesses in China could overcome the financing difficulties by solving the problem of information asymmetry.
Key words: the perspective of game, foreign trader, financing, information asymmetry, strategy and suggestion
一、我國外貿企業的融資現狀分析
(一)外貿企業的融資現狀
我國外貿企業目前的融資是十分困難的。外源性融資的不足是我國外貿企業資金不充足的重要原因。產生這種情況的原因有這樣兩種:首要的原因就是融資渠道狹窄。經濟體制和資金管理政策等因素對企業籌資渠道起到了很大的制約作用。但我國外貿企業融資渠道狹窄,主要表現為自有資金有限、資本市場籌集困難、商業銀行貸款困難以及政府扶持資金有限。我國資本市場目前還未發展完善,因此企業進入股票市場具有很高的難度。因此他們想要獲取貸款就需要以抵押為代價,但外貿企業可供抵押的資產很少,加之財務制度存在缺陷,很容易破產,所以多數商業銀行認為貸款給外貿企業風險太高而產生不愿為外貿企業貸款的現象。……