管媛媛,張宏如,張皓然,顧一煌
麥粒灸對(duì)自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠血壓及mTOR蛋白表達(dá)的影響
管媛媛,張宏如,張皓然,顧一煌
目的 觀察麥粒灸對(duì)自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠血壓及雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)表達(dá)的影響,以對(duì)其降壓機(jī)制作初步探討。方法 將12周齡的自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠隨機(jī)分為模型組、麥粒灸組,另取12周齡SD大鼠設(shè)為正常組。干預(yù)前測(cè)量每只大鼠血壓,并記錄。各組相同環(huán)境飼養(yǎng)。模型組、正常組不施灸,麥粒灸組每天同一時(shí)間段取“足三里”“曲池”進(jìn)行麥粒灸治療,每穴灸5壯,每日1次,共28 d。末次施灸結(jié)束,再測(cè)各組大鼠血壓變化并記錄。取各組大鼠心臟,用Westernblot檢測(cè)心肌組織mTOR表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果 12周時(shí),模型組和麥粒灸組血壓明顯高于正常組(P<0.01),模型組和麥粒灸組血壓差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。16周時(shí),麥粒灸組血壓明顯降低,與模型組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。麥粒灸組mTOR蛋白表達(dá)明顯升高,與模型組和正常組相比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。結(jié)論 麥粒灸可能通過(guò)調(diào)控mTOR蛋白的表達(dá),降低自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠血壓。
高血壓;麥粒灸;雷帕霉素靶蛋白;足三里;曲池;眩暈
高血壓病是常見(jiàn)的心血管疾患之一,近年來(lái),發(fā)病率逐步上升,對(duì)原發(fā)性高血壓采用降壓藥物治療仍是目前的普遍治療方法,但有藥物副反應(yīng)多,病人對(duì)藥物依賴性強(qiáng)等缺點(diǎn)。已有的研究表明,灸法治療高血壓病具有改善臨床癥狀,操作簡(jiǎn)單方便,不良反應(yīng)少,有效安全等特點(diǎn)。但艾灸降血壓機(jī)制尚待深入研究。哺乳動(dòng)物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)是存在于胞漿中的一種絲/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶,與細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)、分裂、存活、遷移、自我更新和細(xì)胞周期進(jìn)程等生理過(guò)程密切相關(guān),是細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)和增殖的關(guān)鍵調(diào)控因子。生物醫(yī)學(xué)資料證明,高血壓的發(fā)病機(jī)制與氧化應(yīng)激密切相關(guān),而mTOR受活性氧調(diào)控,根據(jù)氧化應(yīng)激的程度,它可以引起細(xì)胞增殖、生長(zhǎng)停止、衰老、凋亡或壞死[1]。本研究以自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠(SHR)為模型,以麥粒灸為干預(yù)手段,觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)前后大鼠血壓以及蛋白表達(dá)變化,進(jìn)一步探索艾灸降血壓的機(jī)制。
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物與分組 12周齡雄性自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠20只,同周齡雄性SD大鼠10只。由北京維通利華實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物技術(shù)有限公司提供,許可證編號(hào):SCXK(京)2012-0001,合格證編號(hào):11400700098261。所有SHR大鼠隨機(jī)分為模型組和麥粒灸組各10只。同周齡雄性SD大鼠設(shè)為正常組。
1.2 干預(yù)方法 各組相同環(huán)境飼養(yǎng)。模型組、正常組不施灸,麥粒灸組于每天同一時(shí)間段進(jìn)行艾灸治療,將40∶1的金艾絨制作成麥粒大小的灸炷,用特制的大鼠固定板固定好大鼠,取大鼠 “曲池”“足三里” 剪毛后進(jìn)行艾灸,取穴方法參照《實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)》[2],每穴灸5壯,每日1次,共28 d。
1.3 血壓的測(cè)定 通過(guò)智能無(wú)創(chuàng)血壓計(jì)(NIBP,澳大利亞);分別于12 周齡和16周齡,在大鼠清醒安靜狀態(tài)下,將大鼠固定于特制的鐵絲套中,套上加熱器,溫度達(dá) 37 ℃~40 ℃,加熱10 min~15 min,暴露鼠尾動(dòng)脈于儀器外,連接血壓計(jì)的套管套于尾動(dòng)脈末端,無(wú)創(chuàng)性測(cè)定尾動(dòng)脈血壓。每只測(cè)5次,取平均值。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以收縮壓(systolic bloodpressure,SBP)為觀察指標(biāo)。
1.4 心肌組織mTOR蛋白表達(dá)的測(cè)定 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,處死大鼠,分離心臟,迅速置于液氮,后轉(zhuǎn)入-80 ℃待測(cè)。大鼠心肌組織總蛋白濃度采用 Bradford法測(cè)定。小鼠心肌組織中mTOR蛋白用常規(guī)的Westernblot 印跡法測(cè)定。 取 70 μg總蛋白加樣于預(yù)灌制的8%~15%聚丙烯酰胺凝膠中,在100 V條件下進(jìn)行電泳2 h,然后電轉(zhuǎn)移至聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF)膜。用5%脫脂奶粉室溫封閉2 h后,將膜采用AntimTOR蛋白-一抗(美國(guó)Abcam公司)孵育過(guò)夜。洗膜后接著室溫下將膜用二抗孵育2 h,常規(guī)洗膜后采用增加化學(xué)發(fā)光 (ECL)試劑盒顯影曝光對(duì)特異性蛋白帶進(jìn)行半定量分析。采用β-action蛋白作為內(nèi)對(duì)照。
2.1 各組大鼠血壓變化情況 12周時(shí),模型組與麥粒灸組血壓均顯著高于正常組(P<0.01),模型組和麥粒灸組血壓差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。16周與12周相比,正常組大鼠血壓無(wú)明顯變化(P>0.05),模型組血壓明顯升高(P<0.01),麥粒灸組明顯降低(P<0.01);16周時(shí),麥粒灸組血壓明顯低于模型組(P<0.01)。詳見(jiàn)表1。
表1 各組大鼠血壓變化情況(±s) mmHg
2.2 各組大鼠心肌組織mTOR蛋白表達(dá)情況 與正常組相比,模型組心肌組織mTOR蛋白表達(dá)量低于正常組,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);麥粒灸組心肌組織mTOR蛋白表達(dá)量明顯上升[(0.33±0.02)比(1.54±0.31),P<0.01]。與模型組相比,麥粒灸組心肌組織mTOR蛋白表達(dá)量上升[(1.54±0.31)比 (0.06±0.04),P<0.01]。詳見(jiàn)圖1。
圖1 各組大鼠心肌組織mTOR蛋白表達(dá)情況
高血壓病是現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)疾病名稱,根據(jù)其臨床特點(diǎn),可將其歸屬于中醫(yī)學(xué)“眩暈”“頭痛”等范疇,其病機(jī)為風(fēng)、火、痰、瘀、虛等所致的氣血運(yùn)行乖戾,臨床表現(xiàn)為肝陽(yáng)上亢,腎精不足,氣血虧虛,痰濁中阻等證型[3]。自古醫(yī)家就善用灸法治療心血管疾病,如孫思邈在《備急千金方》中記載:“心懊憹微痛,煩逆,灸心俞百壯”。“心痛暴絞急絕欲死,灸神府百壯,在鳩尾正心有忌”。同時(shí)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)表明,艾灸在防治心腦血管疾病[4]、預(yù)防化療所致的骨髓抑制[5]、抗疲勞以及調(diào)整亞健康狀態(tài)[6]等方面有明顯療效。臨床研究表明,艾灸能夠明顯提高機(jī)體總的抗氧化能力,提高過(guò)氧化氫酶活性,減少氧自由基(ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)的生成[7]。研究表明,氧化應(yīng)激是導(dǎo)致心血管結(jié)構(gòu)和功能異常的主要原因之一,與多種心血管疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展有密切關(guān)系[8],血管氧化應(yīng)激的增加已在自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠和其他多種高血壓實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物模型中得到了證實(shí)。艾灸屬于一種熱刺激,能夠誘導(dǎo)應(yīng)激耐受即能夠使機(jī)體產(chǎn)生低水平的應(yīng)激狀態(tài),從而增強(qiáng)機(jī)體耐受抵抗能力。已有研究證實(shí),適度的熱刺激能夠增加生命體抗氧化應(yīng)激能力,延長(zhǎng)壽命,也是生命體生存重要的決定因素[9]。此外,艾灸可以激活熱休克蛋白(HSP),如HSP60、HSP70[10],而HSP70能夠減少H2O2誘導(dǎo)的活性氧(ROS)的積累[11];哺乳動(dòng)物mTOR是另一種存在于哺乳動(dòng)物中的絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶,通過(guò)激活下游與代謝應(yīng)激密切相關(guān)的分p70S6K、HIF-1α等,調(diào)控生長(zhǎng)周期、血管生成、線粒體代謝等多種分子信號(hào),調(diào)控細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)[12]。研究證明,mTOR受活性氧調(diào)控,根據(jù)氧化應(yīng)激的程度,它可以引起細(xì)胞增殖、生長(zhǎng)停止、衰老、凋亡或壞死[1],高程度氧化應(yīng)激將抑制骨髓干細(xì)胞mTOR活性,及其下游蛋白p-mTOR、p-p70S6K、p-S6表達(dá)[13]。有研究表明,伴隨mTOR水平的降低,機(jī)體合成HSP(包括HSP70,HSP90和HSP110)的能力也會(huì)大幅度降低[14]。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外艾灸對(duì)mTOR通路及其關(guān)鍵分子調(diào)控作用的研究鮮有報(bào)道,而同為中醫(yī)外治的針刺療法已有相關(guān)研究:電針能夠激活阿爾茨海默氏病大鼠海馬區(qū)的AMPK,提高磷酸化AMPK水平,減少p-mTOR 及其下游分子p-p70S60K表達(dá),從而改善小鼠的認(rèn)知功能[15-16];而另有研究表明,電針也能通過(guò)上調(diào)mTOR,提高磷酸化mTOR水平,改善血管性癡呆大鼠的學(xué)習(xí)和記憶能力[17]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,艾灸可明顯提高mTOR蛋白表達(dá)。故推測(cè)艾灸能通過(guò)調(diào)控mTOR蛋白,誘導(dǎo)應(yīng)激耐受,降低血壓實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)心血管保護(hù)。具體艾灸如何通過(guò)對(duì)mTOR蛋白的調(diào)控誘導(dǎo)應(yīng)激耐受,有待于進(jìn)一步研究。因此,可以推測(cè)艾灸降血壓作用的機(jī)制可能與mTOR蛋白表達(dá)有關(guān)。明確mTOR蛋白及其信號(hào)通路在灸法治療高血壓中的作用,可為闡明艾灸降血壓的作用機(jī)制和尋找特異性治療靶點(diǎn)提供理論基礎(chǔ)和實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
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(本文編輯郭懷印)
Effects of Moxibustion with Seed-sided Moxa Cone on Blood Pressure and the Expression of mTOR Protein in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Guan Yuanyuan,Zhan Hongru,Zhang Haorang,Gu Yihuang
Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210046,Jiangsu,China Corresponding Author:Gu Yihuang
Objective To observe the effects of moxibustion with seed-sided moxa cone on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) and the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) protein,so as to make preliminary discussion on its anti-hypertensive mechanism.Methods Twenty SHR (12 weeks) were randomly divided into model group,and moxibustion group,10 cases in each one.Another 10 Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats (12 weeks) were set as normal group.Another 10 SD rats of 12 weeks with normal hypertension were regard as control group.The blood pressure of all rats were measured and recorded before the experiment.Rats in all group received identical feeding environment.Rats in model group and normal group did not received moxibustion. Rats in the moxibustion group received moxibustion with seed-sized moxa cone at Zusanli Point and Quchi Point at the same time,5 cones at each acupoint,once a day for 28 days.After the final moxibustion,blood pressure of all rats were measured and recorded again.Western blotting method was used to measure the levels of the expression of mTOR protein in cardiac muscle tissue.Results At 12 weeks,the blood pressure in model group and moxibustion group were higher than that in normal group(P<0.01),and there was no difference between model group and moxibustion group(P>0.05).After 16 weeks,the level of blood pressure were decreased in moxibustion group,which was lower than that in model group(P<0.01).The expression of mTOR protein was obviously increased in moxibustion group,which was higher than that in model group and normal group(P<0.01).Conclusion Moxibustion with seed-sided moxa cone may reduce the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats by regulate the expression of mTOR protein.
hypertension;moxibustion with seed-sided moxa cone;mTOR protein;Zusanli Point;Quchi Point
國(guó)家體育總局健身氣功管理中心科研項(xiàng)目(No.QG2014046);江蘇省普通高校研究生實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(No.SJLX0438)
南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)(南京 210046)
顧一煌,E-mail:gyh5196411@163.com
R544.1 R255.3
A
10.3969/j.issn.1672-1349.2016.04.008
1672-1349(2016)04-0361-03
2015-10-08)