天然云冷杉針闊混交林立地質量評價1)

王璐　王海燕　何麗鴻　劉鑫

(北京林業大學，北京，100083)

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天然云冷杉針闊混交林立地質量評價1)

王璐王海燕何麗鴻劉鑫

(北京林業大學，北京，100083)

摘要以吉林省汪清林業局金溝嶺林場中的41塊天然云冷杉針闊混交林樣地為對象，選取了14個立地因子作為指標進行立地質量分類與評價。根據不同性質, 將評價指標分成宏觀因子(土層厚度、坡向、坡位、坡度及海拔)和微觀因子(枯落物厚度、自然含水率、土壤密度、pH值、有機質、全氮、全磷、有效磷及速效鉀)。采用熵值賦權法和主成分分析賦權法確定立地因子的權重并計算得分，根據各自得分進行聚類分析。結果表明：(1)宏觀立地質量評價可分為4類(優、良、一般和差)。第1類為優，主要特征為地勢平緩，平均坡度為6.0°；第2類為良，主要特征為地勢相對較平緩，平均坡度為11.1°；第3類為一般，主要特征為地勢相對較陡，平均坡度為15.2°；第4類為差，主要特征為地勢陡峭，平均坡度為21.1°。(2)微觀立地質量評價也相應分為優、良、一般和差4類。本研究結果可為今后適地適樹地進行造林規劃、合理營林措施的設計、林地生產力預估以及森林資源資產評估提供科學依據。

關鍵詞立地質量；森林土壤；熵值賦權法；主成分分析；聚類分析

分類號S714.4

Site Quality Assessment of Natural Spruce-fir Mixed Forest

Wang Lu, Wang Haiyan, He Lihong, Liu Xin

(Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(3)：1-7.

Taking the 41 fields of the natural spruce-fir mixed forest in the Jingouling Forestry Center of Wangqing Forestry Bureau in Jilin Province, we selected 14 site factors as indicators to classify and evaluate the site quality. We divided the indicators to the macroscopic (soil depth, slope direction, slope position, slope and altitude) and the microscopic (litter depth, moisture content, soil density, pH, organic material, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium). We analyzed the weight of the site factors and score to take the cluster analysis by entropy weighting method and principal components methods. The macroscopic and the microscopic evaluation were classified into four classes. The feature of the macroscopic evaluation of first class is with the gentle terrain slopes and average slope of 6.0°, and the feature of the microscopic evaluation is with excellent soil fertility. The feature of the macroscopic evaluation of second class is with relatively gentle terrain slopes, average slope of 11.1°, and the feature of the microscopic evaluation is with the good soil fertility. The feature of the macroscopic evaluation of the third class is with the relatively steep terrain slopes and average slope of 15.2°, and the feature of the microscopic evaluation is with fair soil fertility. The feature of the macroscopic evaluation of the forth class is with steep terrain slopes and the average slope of 21.1°, and the feature of the microscopic evaluation is with poor soil fertility.

KeywordsSite quality; Forest soil; Entropy value method; Principal component analysis; Clustering analysis

森林立地質量評價是了解森林實際質量的基礎，同時也是實現科學造林、合理高效利用林地的重要保證[1]。掌握森林立地質量可為森林制定更科學的經營措施、森林的可持續發展、森林資源的恢復與利用以及提高森林的效益(經濟、生態和社會效益)提供相應的理論基礎[2]。……