呂東 張宏斌 李秉新 趙祜
(甘肅省祁連山水源涵養(yǎng)林研究院,張掖,734000)
?
青海云杉無(wú)性系開花特性及種子園花粉流時(shí)空變化1)
呂東張宏斌李秉新趙祜
(甘肅省祁連山水源涵養(yǎng)林研究院,張掖,734000)
摘要為掌握張掖市龍渠青海云杉無(wú)性系種子園內(nèi)無(wú)性系花期同步性及種子園內(nèi)花粉流時(shí)空變化特征,以種子園內(nèi)無(wú)性系為試驗(yàn)材料,分析雌雄球花期同步性,并進(jìn)行種子園內(nèi)花粉飛散時(shí)空變化規(guī)律及與氣象因子關(guān)系的研究。結(jié)果表明:青海云杉無(wú)性系雌雄球花4月下旬至5月上旬進(jìn)入授粉期和散粉期,授粉期持續(xù)7~15 d,散粉期持續(xù)7~13 d,青海云杉無(wú)性系雌雄球花花期存在差異;種子園內(nèi)花粉飛散期花粉流量與日照強(qiáng)度呈顯著正相關(guān)(r=0.685*),與溫度和風(fēng)速呈正相關(guān)(r=0.452、r=0.601),與相對(duì)濕度呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.182),溫度是影響青海云杉無(wú)性系花期的主要?dú)庀笠蜃?,日照?qiáng)度是影響散粉的主要?dú)庀笠蜃?;種子園內(nèi)花期花粉流量和花粉流日變化均呈現(xiàn)低—高—低的趨勢(shì),散粉高峰時(shí)間段出現(xiàn)在13:00—15:00,種子園內(nèi)花粉流空間分布特征及散發(fā)時(shí)間是青海云杉長(zhǎng)期適應(yīng)自然的結(jié)果。
關(guān)鍵詞青海云杉無(wú)性系種子園;開花特性;花粉流;時(shí)空變化分析
分類號(hào)S722.8+3
FloweringCharactersofPicea crassifoliaClonesandTemporal-spatialVariationofPollenFlowinPicea crassifoliaOrchard
LüDong,ZhangHongbin,LiBingxin,ZhaoHu
(AcademyofWaterResourcesConservationForestofQilianMountains,Zhangye734000,P.R.China)//JournalofNortheastForestryUniversity,2016,44(3):68-73.
WestudiedPicea carassifoliacloneseedorchardclonesfloweringsynchronyandseedorchardpollenflowcharacteristicsofthespatialandtemporalvariationinLongquofZhangyeCity.Weanalyzedmaleandfemalefloweringsynchrony,andseedorchardpollendispersalinthetemporalandspatialvariationrule,andrelationshipbetweenmeteorologicalfactors.ThemaleandfemaleconesofP. carassifoliacloneinlateApriltoearlyMayandsheddingpollinationperiodpollinationperiodcontinuedfor7-15d,andsheddingperiodlastedfor7-13d,andtherewasdifferencesbetweenclonemaleandfemaleconesflowering.Theseedorchardpollendispersalofpollenflowhadasignificantpositivecorrelationwithsunlightintensity(r=0.685*),positivelycorrelatedwiththetemperatureandthewindspeed(r=0.452, r=0.601),andnegativelycorrelatedwiththerelativehumidity(r=-0.182).Temperatureisthemainmeteorologicalfactorsofcloneflowering,andsheddingsunshineintensityisthemainmeteorologicalfactors.Pollenflowandseedorchardfloweringpollenflowdiurnalvariationshowedlow-high-lowtrend,sheddingpeakperiodoccurredin13:00-15:00,andseedorchardpollenflowspatialdistributionanddisseminationtimeinP. carassifoliaweretheresultoflong-termadaptationtothenature.
KeywordsClonal seed orchard of Picea carassifolia; Flowering characteristics; Pollen flow; Temporal-spatial variation
青海云杉(PiceacarassifoliaKom)為我國(guó)祁連山東部地區(qū)的特有樹種,分布于青海、甘肅、寧夏、內(nèi)蒙古等省、區(qū),是祁連山、壽鹿山、賀蘭山和大青山水源涵養(yǎng)林的主要組成群系。在涵養(yǎng)水源、保持水土、調(diào)節(jié)氣候、維持生態(tài)平衡及建筑、造紙等方面有重要意義和經(jīng)濟(jì)利用價(jià)值,為甘肅中部至南部,青海東部,寧夏山區(qū)的重要森林更新樹種和荒山造林樹種[1-3]?!?br>