氣象要素對‘清香’核桃堅果外觀品質的影響1)

徐永杰　裴東　　　　　　　　　　王其竹

(林木遺傳育種國家重點實驗室(中國林業科學研究院林業研究所)，北京，100091)　　　(湖北省保康縣核桃技術推廣中心)

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氣象要素對‘清香’核桃堅果外觀品質的影響1)

徐永杰裴東王其竹

(林木遺傳育種國家重點實驗室(中國林業科學研究院林業研究所)，北京，100091)(湖北省保康縣核桃技術推廣中心)

摘要以‘清香’核桃為試材，分析了溫帶向亞熱帶過渡地區‘清香’核桃品種的主要外觀品質(單果質量、殼厚、核仁飽滿度等)與峰值日照時間、平均極端溫度、降水等氣象要素的相關性。結果表明：在溫帶向亞熱帶過渡地區，5—8月份峰值日照時間與單果質量和殼厚呈顯著的負相關關系；5月份降水時間和降水量與單果質量和殼厚呈極顯著正相關，而6—8月份降水量與殼厚呈極顯著負相關，7、8月份降水量與單果質量呈極顯著負相關；平均極端溫度對堅果單果質量和殼厚影響不大，8月份日均最高溫和日均最低溫與‘清香’核桃飽滿度呈正相關關系。試驗表明，‘清香’核桃單果質量、果殼厚、核仁飽滿度等外觀品質變化與氣象要素密切相關，初步說明核桃同一品種實現跨區域優質栽培時考慮氣象要素的必要性。

關鍵詞核桃；氣象要素；外觀品質

分類號S664.1;Q944.3

Effect of Meteorological Elements on ‘Qingxiang’ Walnut Appearance Quality

Xu Yongjie, Pei Dong

(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China); Wang Qizhu(Center for Walnut Technology of Baokang Country)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(3)：74-76.

We studied the relationship between the peak sunshine, average extreme temperature, rainfall and the main appearance quality such as single nut weight, shell thickness and kernel plumpness of ‘Qingxiang’ walnut. In transitional area from the temperate zone to the subtropical zone, the nut weight and shell thickness were negatively correlated with the peak sunshine from May to August significantly, and were positively correlated with the rainfall and raining days in May significantly, but had no correlation with the average extreme temperature in fruit growing period. While the shell thickness was negatively correlated with the rainfall significantly from June to August, and single nut weight was negatively correlated with the rainfall from July to August significantly. The kernel plumpness was positively correlated with the mean maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of August. There was close relationship between “Qinxiang” walnut appearance quality, including single nut weight, shell thickness, kernel plumpness et al., and meteorological factors, and the meteorological factor is very necessary for realizing high-effective cross-region cultivation of the same variety.

KeywordsWalnut； Meteorological elements； Appearance quality

果樹栽培與氣象要素密切相關[1-2]。氣象要素不僅影響果樹的物候期[3]，而且影響果實的外觀品質[4-5]和內含物的形成，進而決定其加工特性[6]。核桃(JuglansregiaL.)是世界上重要的果樹之一，其堅果長期被作為一種益智并且美味的食品[7]。……