興安落葉松人工林采伐跡地的燃燒特性1)

薛偉　趙洪陽

(東北林業大學，哈爾濱，150040)

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興安落葉松人工林采伐跡地的燃燒特性1)

薛偉趙洪陽

(東北林業大學，哈爾濱，150040)

摘要經實地勘查后布置燃燒床，以風速、表層可燃物含水率、現場溫度、坡度為因素，溫度變化、燃燒蔓延速度、火線強度為特性指標設計L9(34)正交試驗。結果表明：風速對火蔓延速度及火線強度具有明顯影響，隨著風速的增大，火蔓延速度與火線強度明顯增加；表層含水率對最高溫度、火蔓延速度及火線強度的影響較明顯，隨著表層含水率增加，最高溫度、火蔓延速度及火線強度均降低；現場溫度對最高溫度有明顯影響，隨現場溫度升高，最高溫度增加；坡度對最高溫度、火蔓延速度及火線強度均有影響，隨坡度的增加，最高溫度增加，火蔓延速度加快，火線強度加強；風速及表層含水率是影響剩余物燃燒的主要因素，當風速為5 m·s(-1)、表層含水率為10%時，影響剩余物燃燒的權重最大。

關鍵詞興安落葉松；人工林；采伐跡地；燃燒特性

分類號TK16

Combustion Characteristics of Residues inLarixgmeliniiPlantation Slash

Xue Wei, Zhao Hongyang

(Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(3)：8-11.

After arranging burning bed after field survey on site, with wind speed, surface fuel moisture, temperature and slope as factors, we designed L9(34) orthogonal test in the performance indexes of temperature, fire spread speed, and fire intensity. Wind speed had a significant effect on fire spread speed and fire intensity, and the two indicators obviously were increased with the increase of wind speed. The maximum temperature, fire spread speed, and fire intensity had a close relationship with surface fuel moisture, and the three indicators were reduced with the increase of surface fuel moisture. The site temperature had obviously impact on maximum temperature merely, with the increase of scene temperature and the maximum temperature. The maximum temperature, the fire spread speed, and the fire intensity were related to the slop, and with the increasing of slope increasing, the maximum temperature and the fire spread speed, the fire intensity was strengthened. The wind speed and surface fuel moisture were the main factors that affect the combustion of residues, the weight reached maximum, and when the wind speed was 5 m·s-1, the surface moisture content was 10%.

KeywordsLarix gmelinii； Plantation； Slash； Combustion characteristic

興安落葉松(Larixgmelinii)人工林是大、小興安嶺地區主要的人工林區類型[1]。經采伐作業后，人工林殘留大量具有易燃性的伐根、枝丫、干枯雜草等，且采伐跡地缺少上層遮掩，光照強度高、通風強，易引發火災[2]。Morandini et al.[3]通過一個簡化模型模擬燃燒過程，從而快速計算出燃燒過程中溫度的分布和火勢的傳播。Pering et al.[4]研究了木梁的燃燒特性，在指定最高溫度和燃燒時間的特定燃燒過程中，分析了質量損失量與能量公式的關系。薛偉、張德新等[5]對貯木場木材加工剩余物的燃燒特性進行了研究，討論了木材加工剩余物在不同含水率、不同風速下對火蔓延速度、溫度場等的影響?！?br>