滇中高原磨盤山常綠闊葉林營養元素分配格局1)

莊志東　陳奇伯　趙洋毅　熊好琴

(西南林業大學 ， 昆明 ，650224)

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滇中高原磨盤山常綠闊葉林營養元素分配格局1)

莊志東陳奇伯趙洋毅熊好琴

(西南林業大學 ， 昆明 ，650224)

摘要對滇中高原磨盤山常綠闊葉林群落的N、P、K、Ca和Mg這5種營養元素的質量分數、積累及分配格局進行研究，結果表明：喬木層植物葉片營養元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg質量分數分別為14.805～21.337、0.574～1.361、2.097～13.851、2.846～12.780、0.680～2.839 g·kg(-1)；不同植物種對營養元素具有選擇吸收性，除樹枝外，各器官營養元素質量分數均以N最高，其次是K和Ca，Mg和P最低；除Ca外，各營養元素質量分數在樹葉中最高，樹干中最低；Ca和Mg質量分數顯著低于中國亞熱帶森林平均水平，是影響磨盤山森林生產力的重要因素；群落營養元素總積累量為5 125.185 kg·hm(-2)，喬木層、灌木層、草本層和凋落物層營養元素積累量所占比例依次為78.581%、4.461%、0.007%和16.951%，凋落物營養元素積累量明顯高于林下植被層，林木歸還給土壤的養分較為豐富，能夠維持該生態系統的穩定和平衡；絕大部分樹種屬于P限制型植物，磨盤山常綠闊葉林植物生長總體上受P的制約。

關鍵詞森林生態；常綠闊葉林；營養元素質量分數；分配格局；滇中高原

分類號S718.56

Distribution Pattern of Nutrient Elements of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Mopanshan, Middle Yunnan Plateau

Zhuang Zhidong, Chen Qibo, Zhao Yangyi, Xiong Haoqin

(Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(3)：26-32.

We studied the nutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) distribution pattern and accumulation of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Mopanshan in Yuxi, middle Yunnan plateau, southwest China. The nutrient contents in leaves of the tree layer were 14.805-21.337 g·kg-1for N, 0.574-1.361 g·kg-1for P, 2.097-13.851 g·kg-1for K, 2.846-12.780 g·kg-1for Ca, and 0.680-2.839 g·kg-1for Mg, respectively. Plants had the selective absorption of nutrient elements. N was the nutrient element with highest content of each organ except the branch, followed by K and Ca, and Mg and P had the lowest contents. Each nutrient element had the highest content in the leaf and the lowest in the stem except Ca. The correlation between the content of each nutrient element in leaves was poor. There was just a significant correlation between K and Mg. The contents of Ca and Mg were significantly lower than the mean level of subtropical forest in China, which were important factors that affected the forest productivity of Mopanshan. The whole community accumulation of nutrients was 5 125.185 kg·hm-2. The tree layer accounted for 78.581%, the shrub layer accounted for 4.461%, the herb layer accounted for 0.007% and the litter layer accounted for 16.951%. Litter nutrient accumulation was significantly higher than that of the undergrowth layer. It could maintain the stability and balance of the ecosystem. The plants were almost restricted by P. The growth of evergreen broad-leaved forest plants of Mopanshan were restricted by P on the whole. P is the limiting factor for this community productivity.

KeywordsForest ecology; Evergreen broad-leaved forest; Nutrient content; Distribution pattern; Middle Yunnan Plateau

養分循環是森林生態系統的重要功能之一，直接影響森林生產力，對維持森林養分平衡有重要作用，決定著森林生態系統的生產力及持久性[1-4]。植物營養元素的質量分數、積累與分配特征是森林養分循環最重要的內容之一，對了解森林生態系統的結構與功能有極大幫助。我國在森林養分循環方面的研究始于20世紀50年代，但直到1980年才得以迅速發展[5]。……