人工沙棘林燈下蛾類群落結構及時間生態位1)

門麗娜　張志偉　王利軍　　郝淑蓮　　　韓有志

(山西農業大學，太谷縣，030801)　　　　　(天津自然博物館)　　　(山西農業大學)

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人工沙棘林燈下蛾類群落結構及時間生態位1)

門麗娜張志偉王利軍郝淑蓮韓有志

(山西農業大學，太谷縣，030801)(天津自然博物館)(山西農業大學)

摘要為了給人工沙棘林(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.)的害蟲防治和健康管理提供重要資料，選擇山西農業大學林業站12年生人工沙棘林進行燈下蛾類群落連續調查，分析了人工沙棘林燈下蛾類的群落結構及時間格局。2013—2014年共采集燈下蛾類標本2 948頭，隸屬22科100種，卷蛾科、螟蛾科、夜蛾科、菜蛾科、尺蛾科為優勢科，螟蛾科的物種數最多，為20種，卷蛾科的個體數最多，為655頭。燈下蛾類無論是在科數、物種數還是在個體數上由高到低依次為8月份、7月份、6月份、5月份、9月份、10月份；Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數、Pielou均勻度指數和Simpson優勢度指數在一年中的不同時期沒有明顯差異，而Margalef豐富度指數與各月平均氣溫的變化趨勢一致；7月份和8月份蛾類群落相似性最大，與10月份的群落相似性最小。人工沙棘林燈下蛾類優勢科的時間生態位分析顯示：卷蛾科、螟蛾科、夜蛾科、尺蛾科的時間生態位寬度均較大(>0.70)，菜蛾科的時間生態位寬度較小(<0.50)；卷蛾科、螟蛾科、夜蛾科、尺蛾科兩兩之間的時間生態位重疊指數均高于0.90，它們分別與菜蛾科的生態位重疊指數均小于0.85，說明菜蛾科物種的發生時間短于其他4科，較其他4科易于集中防治。

關鍵詞人工沙棘林；燈下蛾類；群落結構；多樣性指數；時間生態位

分類號S763.42；Q969.42

Characteristics of Community Structure and Temporal Niches of the Light Trapped Moth inHippophaerhamnoidesLinn. Plantation//

Men Lina, Zhang Zhiwei, Wang Lijun

(Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, P. R. China); Hao Shulian(Tianjin Natural History Museum); Han Youzhi(Shanxi Agricultural University)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(5)：78-83.

The experiment was conducted to analyze the community structure and temporal pattern of light trapped moths in aHippophaerhamnoidesLinn. plantation for pest control and forest management. A 12-oldH.rhamnoidesplantation in Forestry Station of Shanxi Agricultural University was selected for continuous investigation of a population of light trapped moths. The 2 948 light trapped moths collected from 2013 to 2014 belonged to 100 species across 22 families, of which Tortricidae, Pyralidae, Noctuidae, Plutellidae, and Geometridae were the dominant groups. The highest number of moth species was Pyralidae, with 20 species, and the highest number of individuals was Tortricidae, with 655 individuals. The biodiversity indices of light trapped moths in theH.rhamnoidesplantation were calculated and analyzed. The number of the light trapped moths caught varies with temperature (August>July>June>May>September>October), and this pattern is conserved across groups, species, and individuals. Shannon-Wiener’s index, Pielou’s index, and Simpson’s index did not vary across different periods in a year, whereas, Margalef’s index had the same trend with the average temperature of each month. The moth community similarity index from July and August was the highest whereas the moth community similarity index from July and October was the lowest. Analysis of the temporal niche of the dominant light trapped moths group showed that Tortricidae, Pyralidae, Noctuidae and Geometridae had broad temporal niche (>0.70), whereas, Plutellidae had a narrow temporal niche (0.489). The temporal niche overlapping index between families paired with Tortricidae, Pyralidae, Noctuidae and Geometridae were all higher than 0.90 while every family paired with Plutellidae had less than a 0.85 temporal niche overlapping index. The occurrence period of the Plutellidae species was shorter than the other four families, and easy to control intensively.

KeywordsHippophae rhamnoides Linn. plantation; Light trapped moth; Community structure; Diversity index; Temporal niches

沙棘(HippophaerhamnoidesLinn.)是防風固沙、保持水土和改良土壤的先鋒樹種[1]。我國是世界上人工沙棘林建設最有成效的國家之一，無論是在種質資源種類，還是分布面積上，都位居世界首位，已成為區域經濟發展和維護生物多樣性的重要生物資源[2]。人工沙棘林的健……