生物質規模化處理與輸料裝備技術研究報告

莊會永 張雁茹 馬巖 董世平

摘 要：針對我國木質類農林生物質資源特點和規模化利用中對物料收獲、加工處理和輸料的共性問題，研究不同農林生物質的物料特性，重點突破木質類農林生物質加工中的機械手取料控制、機械手自由轉向、物料強制喂入、高效耐磨切碎，高效平茬收割―切碎―拋送一體化，多種原料的規模化輸送過程中的防阻防纏繞的穩定、持續、均勻供料新技術；開發出適應于我國國情的木質類農林生物質原料特性和工業化需求的規模化處理與輸料新裝備；并在生物質原料年消耗為20萬噸級以上的規模化應用示范項目中推廣，促進我國農業資源的高效利用與可持續開發。（1）移動式高效切碎裝備技術研究：針對目前木質秸稈與林業廢棄物集中切碎過程中工作環境惡劣、效率低、安全性差、強度大等實際狀況，突破機械手取料控制、喂料機械手自由轉向、液壓自動強制喂入、高效耐磨切碎等關鍵技術問題，開發出適合于木質秸稈分段收獲的高效切碎設備。（2）能源植物聯合收獲裝備技術研究：研究木質能源植物高效平茬收割技術、有序導入和切削技術、成品碎料拋送技術；開發高效平茬割灌、切碎、拋送一體化的聯合作業機。集成沙柳收割割臺高速鋸盤無損切割、強制抓取輸送、低功耗高效切碎、自走式作業底盤，一次作業實現灌木類能源植物的無損收割、強制喂入切碎、集裝、液壓自動翻轉卸料聯合作業，解決了沙柳、檸條的收獲難題。（3）木質類生物質原料規模化輸料技術研究：木質類生物質規模化輸料技術是生物質綜合利用輸送過程中的關鍵共性技術，項目重點研究工業化應用條件下的物料輸送中的防纏繞、防堵塞以及均勻供料技術。

關鍵詞：生物質 移動式高效切碎機 能源植物聯合收獲機 規模化輸料設備

Abstract：In order to solve the common problems of feedstock harvest， processing and transmission existing in utilizing woody agricultural and forestry biomass in large scale， the research focuses on many new technologies of biomass processing， including： manipulator feedstock-fetching control， manipulator free swerving， forcible feeding， efficient abrasion-resistant shredding， efficient stump-cutting-parabolic sending technology， intertwisting and blocking prevention technology and stable， sustainable and even feeding technology in multiple feedstock transmission. The project has developed new equipments for processing and transmitting feedstock in large scale and can meet the requirements of feedstock characteristics and industrial utilization. These equipments has been applied in biomass demonstration projects that can consume biomass up to 200，000 tons per year， and has promoted high efficiency utilization and sustainable development of agricultural resources.（1）research on high-efficiency mobile shredding equipments technology： during shredding woody biomass， workers always face some difficulties， such as bad working environment， low-efficiency， unsafe， strong intensity， the project has conquered these problems and developed high-efficiency shredding equipment for harvesting woody biomass，（2）research on energy plant combine harvester equipments technology： has conquered efficient stumping and harvesting technology， smooth feeding， chopping and parabolic sending technology， developed combine harvester； integrated efficient saw-disc cutting， forcible grabbing and transmitting， low power consumption shredding and self-driven operating chassis technologies， and has solved the difficulty of salix and KorshinskPeashrub harvest；（3）research on woody biomass feedstock transmission technology： has emphasized the technology of intertwisting and blocking prevention and even distribution and feeding.

Key Words：Biomass；High-efficiency Mobile Shredder；Energy Plant Combine Harvester；Transmission Equipments

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