何玉娟
(甘肅省金昌市第一中學(xué),甘肅 金昌 737200)
在每節(jié)課前教師先設(shè)計(jì)好本課的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)(Learning task),并在lead-in這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中告訴給學(xué)生。教師可以利用影視片段,生活案例,現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題等引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)目標(biāo)主題產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)機(jī),利用事先布置的學(xué)生進(jìn)行發(fā)言或表演,讓學(xué)生在娛樂(lè)中、在解決問(wèn)題中開(kāi)始新課;利用不同的活動(dòng)方式,讓學(xué)生在愉悅中體驗(yàn)知識(shí)給他們帶來(lái)的樂(lè)趣。
把教材內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)成貼近學(xué)生生活實(shí)際的教學(xué)活動(dòng),借助影視、圖片、實(shí)物等直觀教具和錄音機(jī)、多媒體等電教設(shè)備,把教材中靜止的無(wú)聲的文字活化成有聲有色的對(duì)話(huà),再放到教材設(shè)計(jì)的真實(shí)情境中,生動(dòng)逼真地呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生。采用全身動(dòng)作反應(yīng)法等,視聽(tīng)結(jié)合,刺激并調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的多種感官,激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)新語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,啟發(fā)學(xué)生的思維活動(dòng)。這一階段的教學(xué)主要以教師為主導(dǎo),學(xué)生的主體意識(shí)處于啟發(fā)狀態(tài)。
這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)以鞏固新知識(shí)為主要目的,教師設(shè)計(jì)好任務(wù)后逐步放手,向以學(xué)生為主體過(guò)渡。因?yàn)闄C(jī)械性的模仿和重復(fù)操練往往會(huì)使學(xué)生感到乏味,因此,教師要結(jié)合教學(xué)內(nèi)容精心設(shè)計(jì)一些形式多樣的活動(dòng)。例如,設(shè)計(jì)一些“你問(wèn)我答”和“請(qǐng)你配音”“我是作者”等活動(dòng)以加深印象。
這個(gè)階段是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)過(guò)程中的一個(gè)中心環(huán)節(jié),是諸多活動(dòng)的目的和關(guān)鍵所在。教師可根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)一些方案設(shè)計(jì)、創(chuàng)業(yè)、面試、采訪等生活場(chǎng)景,讓學(xué)生在真實(shí)或半真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行交流,教師在布置任務(wù),給出話(huà)題后,不再干預(yù),充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體作用,讓學(xué)生完成用英語(yǔ)交際的任務(wù)。在這些活動(dòng)中,學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交流的興趣和和解決問(wèn)題的能力都得到了提高。
例如:
——高中英語(yǔ)必修一unit4“任務(wù)+情景+活動(dòng)型”課的設(shè)計(jì)
Topic:Earthquake
Learning Aims:
1.Knowledge aims:Know basic knowledge about earthquakes.
2.Ability aims:Develop the students’ability and let them learn different reading skills.
3.Emotional aims:Get the students to be aware of the terrible disasters,meanwhile get them to face it,treat it in a proper way,and never get discouraged.
Procedure:
I.Lead-in
Task1;Show a video of earthquake which happened in Tangshan
1.Have you experienced earth or other disasters?Can you describe
What it was like and how you felt?
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:激活學(xué)生原有的有關(guān)地震的英語(yǔ)背景知識(shí),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言的動(dòng)機(jī)。
II.Presentation Activities
Task2;Looking and guessing
1.What are the signs of an earthquake?Look at the video(e.g.Cows,pigs and dogs become too nervous too eat.The mice will run out of the fields looking for places to hide.The water in the wells will rise and fall.Walls of the wells in village will have deep cracks.There will be bright light in the sky….)
設(shè)計(jì)意圖
根據(jù)圖片,學(xué)生對(duì)地震前的各種征兆進(jìn)行描述,了解震前所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的自然現(xiàn)象。
III.Task Activities
Task3 ReadingPara1.for the second time and finish the fellowing diagram.
In thewell Well water,rose and fell,smelly gas,comeoutof,cracks In thefarmyard Chickens and pigs,nervous to eat,mice run out to hide,fish,jump outof In thesky Brightlights,the sound ofplanes In thecity Water pipe,cracked and burst,people,gosleep asusual
Task4 Reading Para2&3.and fill in the blanks of the diagram below.
1.____1/3__of the nation felt the earthquake.
2.A huge crack that was_8_kilometres long and__30___metres wide cut across houses.
3.In__15_terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
4.__2/3__of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.
5.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400.000_.
6.All of the city’s hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings and 90%of its home.
were gone.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖
抓住課文重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,習(xí)得目標(biāo)句型,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生提煉主旨,查找知識(shí)的能力。
IV.Production Performance
Task5 Reading again and try to perform the scene in group
設(shè)計(jì)意圖
把學(xué)生置于運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言情景中去感知、分析、理解、操練,從模擬交際到真實(shí)交際,會(huì)加深他們對(duì)文章的理解,也提升他們的語(yǔ)用能力。