孫永軍 任夢嬌 徐炎華 馬江雅 張鵬 朱國成 肖雪峰 吳慧芳 尤朝陽 朱成雨



摘要:殼聚糖是一種天然堿性氨基多糖物質,其分子上分布著許多功能性的氨基和羥基,使其能成為潛在的高效絮凝劑。采用紫外光引發殼聚糖(CS)與丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化銨(DAC)接枝共聚制備P(CS-AD)絮凝劑,探討了單體濃度、殼聚糖百分比、陽離子度、光引發劑濃度、光照時間對P(CS-AD)的特性粘度的影響,確定了合成的優化條件:單體濃度為30%~40%、殼聚糖百分比為10%~20%、陽離子度為30%~40%、光引發劑濃度為0.3%~0.5%、光照時間為120 min,優化后的制備的P(CS-AD)的特性粘度最高可達1 865 mg/L。同時,采用紅外光譜、掃描電鏡(SEM)、差熱熱重分析(TG-DTA)對其進行表征。采用模擬硅藻土水樣驗證其絮凝性能,試驗結果表明:P(CS-AD)的絮凝性能顯著優于市售聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)。
關鍵詞:殼聚糖;絮凝劑;紫外光;接枝共聚;絮凝
中圖分類號:X703.5;TU991.22
文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1674-4764(2016)03-0058-07
Abstract:Chitosan is a natural basic amino polysaccharide substance with many functional amino and hydroxyl groups on the molecular chain. So that it can become a potential flocculant.
P(CS-AD) flocculant is graft copolymerized by chitosan (CS) and acrylamide (AM), acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) with UV irradiation. The effects of key factors on the intrinsic viscosity such as monomer concentration, chitosan percentage, cationic degree, photoinitiator concentration, and illumination time are discussed. The optimal synthesis conditions are determined: monomer concentration 30% to 40%, the percentage of chitosan 10%~20%, cationic degree 30%~40%, photoinitiator concentration 0.3%~0.5%, illumination time 120 min. The maximum intrinsic viscosity is 1 865 mg/L after optimization. Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) are used to characterize the graft copolymer. Diatomite water samples are used to verify its flocculation performance, and flocculation test results show that P (CS-AD) flocculation performance is significantly better than the commercially available polyacrylamide (PAM).
Keywords:chitosan; flocculant; ultraviolet light; graft copolymerization; flocculation
隨著工業化和城市化進程的加快,湖泊和水庫接納了大量工業和生活污水,為藻類的生長和繁殖提供了大量營養,使得天然水體富營養化日益嚴重。湖泊與水庫的富營養化使得水中的藻類等浮游生物大量生長、過度繁殖,導致水質惡化,嚴重威脅了安全飲用水工程[1-2]。絮凝法在給水處理方法中是最經濟、常用、重要的方法之一,作為給水處理的重要的操作單元之一不可或缺,而絮凝劑則是影響絮凝效果的關鍵因素[3]。
近年來,具有無毒無害、來源廣泛、投加量少、受pH值影響小的天然有機高分子絮凝劑受到普遍關注。……