實(shí)測(cè)確定公路隧道洞外景物亮度的方法

鄧敏 張飛

摘要：分析比較了查表法、環(huán)境簡(jiǎn)圖法和黑度法3種確定洞外亮度的方法，發(fā)現(xiàn)3種方法均未完全考慮隧道所處區(qū)域的環(huán)境和光氣候條件。為了能快速準(zhǔn)確地確定隧道洞外景物亮度，以從莞高速公路的7座隧道為測(cè)量對(duì)象，通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)，建立了洞外景物亮度與水平面照度之間的關(guān)系。在對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)毓鈿夂驍?shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的基礎(chǔ)上，確定隧道洞外景物亮度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值、東莞地區(qū)隧道洞外典型景物亮度設(shè)計(jì)參考值，并得到了東莞地區(qū)4個(gè)朝向隧道洞外典型景物亮度值。

關(guān)鍵詞：隧道照明；洞外亮度；景物亮度；水平照度；光氣候

中圖分類號(hào)：TU113.19；U459.2

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1674-4764（2016）03-0118-05

Abstract：Three methods used to determine luminance at tunnel portals were analyzed and compared. The three methods were look-up table method， environment diagram method and blackening method. But these methods didnt fully consider the regional environment of tunnel and luminous climate. In order to rapidly and accurately determine scenery luminance at tunnel portals， measurements were conducted in seven Congguan highway tunnels. Based on the onsite measurements， the relationship between scenery luminance at tunnel portals and horizontal illuminance were established. Statistical analysis on local light climate data were carried out to confirm standard value of luminance at tunnel portals LS and the design reference value of typical scenery luminance at tunnel portals in Dongguan. And typical scenery luminance values of four towards in Dongguan area could be determined.

Keywords：tunnel lighting， adaptation luminance， scenery luminance outside tunnel portals， horizontal illuminance， luminous climate

隧道洞外亮度通常指駕駛員在隧道接近段起點(diǎn)處正對(duì)隧道洞口20°視野中景物的平均亮度，一般通過在接近段起點(diǎn)處距地面1.5 m高、正對(duì)洞口方向測(cè)量20°視場(chǎng)環(huán)境的平均亮度值得到，即L20（S）。隧道洞外亮度L20（S）受地理位置、季節(jié)、天氣等因素的影響難以實(shí)際測(cè)量得到，因此，不同的組織、國(guó)家和地區(qū)采用查表法、環(huán)境簡(jiǎn)圖法、黑度法等方法來確定洞外景物亮度和洞外亮度L20（S）的值。隧道洞外景物亮度是隧道照明設(shè)計(jì)過程中確定洞外亮度的基礎(chǔ)與前提，為了準(zhǔn)確確定隧道洞外亮度L20（S），需要首先確定隧道洞外景物亮度。

查表法是指根據(jù)駕駛員20°視野中天空所占百分比、洞口朝向、環(huán)境明暗情況、設(shè)計(jì)行車速度等因素，查表確定L20（S）值。日本[1]、國(guó)際照明委員會(huì)[2]以及歐盟[3]、英國(guó)[4]、美國(guó)[5]等都推薦使用該方法。……