硅藻土/纖維素復合助濾劑在微污染原水處理中的應用

盛超 李孟 黃凌鳳 章蕾

摘要：以硅藻土和纖維素為原料，通過溶膠-凝膠法制備出了新型硅藻土/纖維素復合助濾劑，探究了各種制備條件對助濾劑的影響，并在高嶺土懸濁液中對硅藻土、纖維素和硅藻土/纖維素的助濾性能進行了比較，同時研究了硅藻土/纖維素助濾劑對實際微污染水過濾的影響。研究結果表明：復合助濾劑的最佳制備條件為纖硅比0.67，氨水濃度5.0×10-4mol/L，蒸餾水/纖維素40 mL/g，EtOH/硅藻土20 mL/g，60 ℃恒溫水浴；硅藻土/纖維素復合助濾劑的助濾性能要明顯優于硅藻土和纖維素助濾劑；在微污染原水直接過濾過程中，投加硅藻土/纖維素助濾劑可提高各微污染物的去除率，結合微濾膜深度處理工藝，最終出水水質滿足《生活飲用水衛生標準》（GB 5749—2006）的要求。

關鍵詞：硅藻土；纖維素；助濾劑；助濾性能；微污染原水

中圖分類號：TU991.2

文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1674-4764（2016）03-0090-06

Abstract：The diatomite/cellulose filter aids were prepared using raw diatomite and cellulose via sol-gel technique. The effect of cellulose/diatomite， distilled water/cellulose， EtOH/diatomite， ammonia concentration and temperature on the properties of diatomite/cellulose filter aids were investigated. The filtration efficiency of diatomite， cellulose and diatomite/cellulose filter aids was compared. The influence of diatomite/cellulose filter aids on slightly polluted water filtration was studied. Results indicated that when 40 mL distilled water dissolved 1.0 g cellulose， 20 mLEtOH carried 1.5 g diatomite， the ratio of diatomite to cellulose was 0.67， the concentration of ammonia was 5×10-4mol/L， the temperature was 60 ℃，the best diatomite/cellulose filter aids were achieved. The efficiency of diatomite/cellulose filter aids was obviously better than that by diatomite and cellulose filter aids. The pollutants removal efficiency could increase by using the diatomite/cellulose filter aids in the direct filtration process to treat the micro-polluted raw water. The results showed that the combination of filtration and micro-filtration membrane could achieve excellent permeate water， which met the Standards for Drinking Water Quality（GB5749—2006）.

Keywords：diatomite； cellulose； filter aids； filter performance；micro-polluted raw water

現如今微污染水體已越來越多地作為人們生活用水水源之一。在微污染水處理過程中直接過濾是常用的一種水處理工藝，而直接過濾時，濾漿中的顆粒極易形成濾餅堵塞過濾介質的孔道，使過濾的效率降低甚至無法繼續進行[1]。為解決這一問題，可在過濾時加入助濾劑以強化過濾過程[2]。理想的助濾劑具有空隙率大，孔隙結構豐富，比表面積大和形狀不規則，不可壓縮的性質，而且可形成結構疏松幾乎不可壓縮的濾餅，形成通暢的液體流道，從而減小濾餅的過濾阻力。同時可以阻止懸浮液中小顆粒穿透和堵塞過濾介質，提高過濾速度和濾液的澄清度[3]。……