熱帶次生林演替過程中環(huán)境因子對物種多樣性的影響1)

龍成　　　　　　吳庭天　楊小波　龍文興　李東海

(海南大學(xué),海口,570228)　　　　　(熱帶作物種質(zhì)資源保護與開發(fā)利用教育部重點實驗室(海南大學(xué)))

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熱帶次生林演替過程中環(huán)境因子對物種多樣性的影響1)

龍成吳庭天楊小波龍文興李東海

(海南大學(xué),海口,570228)(熱帶作物種質(zhì)資源保護與開發(fā)利用教育部重點實驗室(海南大學(xué)))

為了解熱帶森林次生演替的群落環(huán)境特征變化對植物多樣性的影響，以兩種不同演替階段的熱帶濱海次生林群落為研究對象，采用兩種非參數(shù)檢驗以及Kendall秩相關(guān)分析的方法，對兩群落內(nèi)部的環(huán)境因子及其對植物多樣性、均勻度以及物種周轉(zhuǎn)率的影響進行研究。結(jié)果表明：各環(huán)境因子在群落間和群落內(nèi)均存在差異。在熱帶常綠季雨林(TEMF)、灌木林(SHR)內(nèi)，光合有效輻射(PAR)對物種多樣性和周轉(zhuǎn)率有顯著影響。在兩個群落內(nèi)，土壤相對濕度對物種分布均起到重要影響，對SHR中物種分布的影響更強。在TEMF中，土壤溫度、坡度及坡位對物種多樣性和周轉(zhuǎn)率限制顯著；在SHR中，空氣相對濕度成為限制物種分布的主要環(huán)境因子。

次生演替；環(huán)境因子；物種多樣性；物種周轉(zhuǎn)；物種均勻度；熱帶濱海次生林

In order to acquaint the effects of varying environmental factors on plant diversity during secondary succession of forests in tropics, our study was conducted in two types of tropical coastal forests which were called as tropical evergreen monsoon forest (TEMF) and shrubbery (SHR), respectively. Nine permanent plots of 50 m×50 m were established to investigate species composition and environmental factors. Meanwhile, two types of non-parametric tests and Kendall rank correlation analysis were used to study the difference of environmental factors between two communities as well as their effects on species diversity, species evenness, and species turnover. There were differences for each environmental factors between/within two types of communities. Species diversity and turnover were significantly affected by PAR within both TEMF and SHR. Species distributions within two types of communities, and in SHR especially were significantly influenced by soil relative moisture. In addition, species diversity and turnover were significantly limited by soil temperature, soil gradient, and slope position in TEMF, however, in SHR, air relative humidity became a main factor that could restrain plant species distributions.

熱帶次生林群落在我國熱帶地區(qū)分布廣泛，它對林業(yè)生產(chǎn)以及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)有重要的作用[1-2]。森林群落物種生長速率較其他群落類型緩慢[3]，尤其是在經(jīng)歷自然(極端的氣候條件)或人為干擾(強烈的土地利用)后，次生森林群落物種組成的恢復(fù)速度遠落后于群落結(jié)構(gòu)的形成[4-5]。……