○沈杰
言意共生:小學英語語篇教學的價值追求
○沈杰
●小學英語語篇教學不僅要關注學生對文本內容的理解和對語言知識的掌握,而且要關注能否運用所學知識進行有效的表達,即言語內容與言語形式的掌握及運用,同時還要讓學生對語篇文本的思想層面有所感悟,以此來促進更有意義的語言表達,這就是“言”與“意”的共生與統一。

在小學英語課堂上,如何處理好英語的“工具性”和“人文性”的雙重功能,讓“言”和“意”在課堂上和諧共生、平衡共存,值得我們每一位教師去思考和探索。本文以Our dreams一課教學片段為例,談談如何在教學中實現言意共生。
話題的切入是學生進入語篇的入口,如果切入點把握得精準,那么學生就能自然而然地順著這個方向,沿著正確的路徑進入語篇了。因此,教師在課前應深度解讀文本,把握文本的重點,找準切入點,以此提升閱讀教學的效度。
T:Hi,class.Do you know the boy?
Ss:He’s Martin.
T:Yes.Martin is a dreamy boy.He has many dreams.Let’s enjoy a short video.
Ss:(Watch the video:Martin’s morning)
(滲透新單詞a Father Christmas,a magician等,為學生后面的語言表達積累素材和拓展視角。)
......
T:Look at this girl?Who’s she?Guess!
Ss:...
T:Yes.It’s me.I had a nice dream when I was a little girl.Please guess what my dream was.
......
T:Yes.I wanted to be a teacher when I was young.That was my dream.And now I am a teacher. Mydreamhascometrue.Doyouhaveyour dreams?Today we’ll talk about our dreams.(揭題Our dreams)
教師通過猜測任務的設置,讓學生對老師兒時的夢想產生好奇,學生的學習興趣和表達欲望被激發。而且老師從擁有夢想到實現夢想本身就是一個很有意義的過程,使得接下來的關于夢想的探討同樣變得富有意義。這種交流互動式的切入主題方式樸實、自然,不僅為學生創造了表達的機會,也為學生后面的“知言得意”做了很好的鋪墊。
學生閱讀理解的過程是一個得“言”的過程,即學生掌握言語形式和言語內容的過程,而這個過程又是學生得“意”的前提,即教師引導學生逐步進入文本內蘊層面的過程。因此教師應引導學生把握語篇關鍵點,并通過多種閱讀形式,如粗讀、精讀、朗讀等,逐步深入語篇文本。
1.預測文本,整體感知。
T:Look,Miss Li and her students are talking about their dreams.
播放錄音Miss Li:What do you want to be?
(1)Watch and guess.
T:Can you guess the children’s dreams?
(讓學生通過觀看文中幾個孩子的愛好和經歷的視頻來猜測他們的夢想。)
S1:I think Mike wants to be a...
S2:I think Wang Bing wants to be a...
(2)Listen and check.
T:Now let’s listen to the tape and check your answers.
Ss:Listen and check.
2.精讀文本,突破難點。
T:You know the children’s dreams.But why do the boys have these dreams?Please read the pas?
sage carefully and underline their reasons. (1)Read and underline.

(2)Read and learn.
T:Why does Mike/Wang Bing/Liu Tao want to be a dentist/astronaut/football player?
(教師引導學生分段學習,處理重難點care about,fly a spaceship,the World Cup等。)
(3)Learn in groups.
T:Boys have some great dreams,how about girls?Let’s read and make a poem for them,OK?
(學生自讀文本,將女孩子們的夢想制作成小詩,并在小組內交流誦讀。)
T:Which group can show us your poem?
(Ss show their poems.)
3.適度提煉,點撥明意。
T:Class,we know the children’s dreams now. How do you think of their dreams?
S1:Their dreams are cool.
......
T:Let’s listen to Miss Li.
Miss Li:Your dreams are great.I want to see your dreams come true.
學生在富有情趣又不乏深意的學習活動中,逐步理解并掌握文本內容,在此基礎上,老師適時點撥與提煉,讓學生評價文中孩子們的夢想,這樣的開放性問題的設置,一方面能引導學生積極地思考和表達,另一方面也讓學生從另外一個層面去感悟文本,學生一句句評價語其實是架構起了學生與文本對話的橋梁,這也是一個知言明意的過程。
當學生初步理解語篇內容并掌握其中的語言知識后,教師應組織語言運用的活動,引導學生不斷內化知識,并轉化為有效的外化言語形式,這樣所學的文本知識才能轉化為生動的、富有靈性的語言。
1.Guess your classmates’dreams.
T:I know all of you have your own dreams.Do you want to know your classmates’dreams?
(呈現班上同學關于自己夢想的介紹,學生猜測同伴的夢想是什么。)
2.Write down your dreams.
T:All of you have your great dreams.Now please write down your dreams.

3.Collect our dreams.
(Ss put their paper with their dreams into the dream bottle.)
T:Boys and girls,we all have our dreams.But how to make our dreams come true?
S1:We should work hard.
......
T:To make our dreams come true,we should make every effort.Twenty years later,let’s open our dream bottle to see whose dreams come true.And I want to see all your dreams come true.
在猜夢想、寫夢想、談夢想的過程中,學生將內化于心中的“意”轉化為外在的“言”進行輸出,即將心中的想法通過準確的語言表達出來。同時,在教師的點撥下,學生在語言表達的過程中、在師生談論如何實現夢想的過程中,又收獲了語篇文本中語言之外的思想和情感,讓“言”與“意”得到了提升與豐富,這樣的語篇學習才變得深刻而有意義。