劉運新, 馬 川
(青島遠洋船員職業學院 機電系, 山東 青島 266071)
一種新型船用燃料電池混合動力系統的建模
劉運新, 馬 川
(青島遠洋船員職業學院 機電系, 山東 青島 266071)
固體氧化物燃料電池(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC)與微型燃氣輪機(Micro Gas Turbine, MGT)相結合的混合動力系統是近年來開發的一種很有發展前景的船舶動力系統,可實現高效(效率高達80%)和低排(污染廢氣排放幾乎為零)的目標,但其作為一種船舶動力系統,控制關鍵是保持SOFC化學反應所產生動力與MGT旋轉所產生動力的平衡。在建立系統模型的基礎上,提出混合動力系統的控制方案。為獲得最大的效率,對SOFC的堆棧溫度、燃料流量、燃料利用率和對應功率等關鍵參數進行研究。同時,提出SOFC與MGT兩種動力系統之間動力分配的控制方法。結果表明:該控制系統能有效控制該混合動力系統,使其獨立承擔適當的負荷和適應負荷的變動。
船舶工程; 燃料電池; 渦輪機; 控制策略; 電功率; 載荷變化
Abstract: The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Micro Gas Turbine (SOFC-MGT) hybrid system is a newly developed and promising power system for ships. Compared with conventional power plants on ships, the technology can achieve a high efficiency (up to 80 percent) with a very low emission (down to zero). However, working as a marine power provider onboard ship, the control strategy of the hybrid system is challenged due to the requirement for the balance between power generation from the chemical reaction in SOFC and that from mechanical rotation of MGT. The system model is constructed and the control strategy is proposed for the hybrid power system. In order to get the maximum efficiency, the control of key parameters of the SOFC, covering stack temperature, fuel flow rate, fuel utilization and related power, are investigated. The control of load allocation between the two power sources, SOFC and MGT, is proposed. The simulation results demonstrate that the control system can guarantee the effective operation of the SOFC and MGT hybrid system under the condition of load variation.
Keywords: ship engineering; fuel cell; turbine; control strategy; electric power; load change
面對全球日益嚴格的防污染公約,傳統的船用柴油機很難滿足國家和國際的污染物排放標準。一方面,柴油機的設計者和使用者必須在設計和管理上加大投入來改善柴油機的燃燒質量;另一方面,船公司需加大投資,通過各種物理和化學方法來處理柴油機的尾氣,減少排放。目前,有關固體氧化物燃料電池(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,SOFC)的研究主要針對的是陸用燃料電池系統的開發,已取得一些重要技術成果。這里嘗試開發一種SOFC與微型燃氣輪機(Micro Gas Turbine,MGT)相結合的新型船舶動力系統。……