郭軍武
(上海海事大學(xué) 商船學(xué)院, 上海 201306)
船舶主推進(jìn)動(dòng)力裝置安全的模糊綜合評(píng)估
郭軍武
(上海海事大學(xué) 商船學(xué)院, 上海 201306)
以MAN B&W公司MC-C系列機(jī)型作為安全評(píng)估模型的機(jī)型進(jìn)行船舶主推進(jìn)動(dòng)力裝置安全模糊綜合評(píng)估。首先,按照故障模式和影響分析的原理對(duì)船舶主推進(jìn)動(dòng)力裝置系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行劃分;其次,運(yùn)用層次分析法分析各個(gè)部件在該系統(tǒng)中的重要度并建立安全綜合評(píng)估數(shù)學(xué)模型;最后,根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查資料,運(yùn)用模糊綜合評(píng)估方法進(jìn)行分析,獲得該裝置的安全評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果。此外,利用最大隸屬函數(shù)求出各子系統(tǒng)的安全等級(jí)并提出改進(jìn)措施。
船舶工程;安全評(píng)估;層次分析法;主推進(jìn)動(dòng)力裝置;模糊綜合評(píng)估
Abstract: The MC-C type engine of MAN B&W, currently popular on board ships, is chosen as the example object of the evaluation. As the first step, the parts of the propulsion system is divided into groups according to the analysis of the failure modes and their effects of the parts, and the importance degree of each component in the system is identified with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).On basis of the preparation, a comprehensive safety evaluation mathematical model is established. After that, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the system based on field investigation data is performed with the model. The safety level of each subsystem is calculated in the evaluation process and with maximum membership function analysis. this study also suggests some improvement measures.
Keywords: ship engineering; safety evaluation; AHP; main propulsion plant; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
船舶主推進(jìn)動(dòng)力裝置較為復(fù)雜,若要對(duì)其進(jìn)行有效評(píng)估首先需要選取有效的評(píng)估方法。就主推進(jìn)動(dòng)力裝置整體而言,采用模糊綜合安全評(píng)估方法可避開定性評(píng)估方法和定量評(píng)估方法的局限性;而對(duì)于其各個(gè)子系統(tǒng),則采用故障類型和影響分析進(jìn)行劃分。對(duì)于其危險(xiǎn)性,采用危害性分析(CA)的方法[1]分析;對(duì)于權(quán)重問題,采用層次分析法(AHP)[2]解決。在安全等級(jí)計(jì)算中,采用最大隸屬函數(shù)方法求解,從而指出管理中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),提高管理水平。
以MAN B&W公司的MC-C系列機(jī)型為參考依據(jù),根據(jù)故障模式、影響及危害性分析(FMECA)[3]的劃分依據(jù)和對(duì)各個(gè)系統(tǒng)邊界的定義,得到船舶主推進(jìn)動(dòng)力裝置系統(tǒng)劃分。其中:燃油系統(tǒng)包括高壓油泵、噴射器、加熱單元、分油凈油單元、燃油轉(zhuǎn)換單元、燃油循環(huán)泵、輸送泵、濾器及管路閥件;……