謝南明,呂旭菁
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·臨床研究·
不同術(shù)式白內(nèi)障術(shù)后屈光狀態(tài)變化規(guī)律及穩(wěn)定性研究
謝南明,呂旭菁
Department of Ophthalmology,Changzhou First People’s Hospital,Changzhou 213000,Jiangsu Province,China
Abstract
?AIM: To compare and contrast different operation after cataract patients with refractive change rules.To analyze the patients with refractive stability after cataract surgery,and to provide a reference for cataract patients with clinical surgery after visual quality.
?METHODS: Retrospective study.A total of 126 cases (150 eyes) were selected from Jan.2014 to Dec.2015 in Changzhou First People’s Hospital of cataract extraction combined with foldable intraocular lens implantation for cataract patients as the research samples.According to the different operation for three groups,the first group of 42 patients (50 eyes) underwent above 3 mm clear corneal incision; 52 cases in group 2 (60 eyes) underwent temporal side 3 mm clear corneal incision.The third group,32 cases (40 eyes) underwent 3 corner above the scleral tunnel incision.All the cases were measured at different time point in patients with naked eyes far visual acuity,best corrected visual acuity,spherical degree,the degree of astigmatism and astigmatic axial,comparative analysis of after cataract surgery in patients with refractive change regularity and stability of refraction.
?RESULTS: The uncorrected distance visual comparison within the group,and each time point after preoperative differences were significant (P<0.01),and the early postoperative period after 1,3mo significantly different (P<0.05).Three groups of patients after surgery compared with preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity improved significantly,and were stable after 1mo.Compare the best corrected distance vision within the group,and each time point after preoperative differences were significant (P<0.01),postoperative 1wk and after 1,3d significantly different (P<0.05),after 1wk and after 1,3mo was not significantly different (P>0.05),three groups of patients were compared with the preoperative best corrected distance visual acuity were increased significantly,and were in stable after 1wk; relatively spherical degree within the array,after 1d and 3d was not significantly different (P>0.05),hyperopia drift,after 1wk and 1,3d was significantly different (P<0.05),after 1wk and 1,3mo was not significantly different (P>0.05).Three groups of patients’ spherical degrees after 1wk were stabilized.Comparative degree of astigmatism within the array,postoperative compared with preoperative corneal astigmatism were increased 1d after surgery.Corneal astigmatism in each group reached the maximum,and then decreases 1wk and 1d after surgery,compared with postoperative 3d was significantly different (P<0.05).After 1wk and 1,3mo was not significantly different (P>0.05).Three groups of patients were compared with preoperative astigmatism were significantly increased,and in operation after 1wk were stabilized; astigmatic axis were three groups in the preoperative astigmatism against the rule,the first and third group after 1d,three Tianshun rule astigmatism proportional were increased,and then decreased.Group 2 the-rule astigmatism proportion,after 1wk,1 and 3mo,the first and third group gradually reduced the proportion of cis regulatory astigmatism,and compared with preoperative increased,increasing the-rule astigmatism group 2 ratio,and increased compared with preoperative.
?CONCLUSION: Above 3 mm the transparent corneal incision,temporal clear corneal incision and above the scleral tunnel incision different surgical postoperative visual acuity are good.It can be used as a routine surgical procedure in treatment of cataract; phacoemulsification in cataract patients with former majority against the rule astigmatism.After cataract surgery,early refractive state is a state of mild hyperopia and stabilized about 1wk,combined with clinical guide glasses.
目的:研究不同術(shù)式白內(nèi)障術(shù)后患者的屈光狀態(tài)變化規(guī)律,分析白內(nèi)障術(shù)后患者屈光穩(wěn)定性,為白內(nèi)障患者術(shù)后視覺(jué)質(zhì)量獲得提供參考。
方法:回顧性研究。選取2014-01/2015-12常州市第一人民醫(yī)院行白內(nèi)障摘除聯(lián)合人工晶狀體植入術(shù)的患者126例150眼作為研究對(duì)象,按照手術(shù)方式不同分為3組,第1組行上方3mm透明角膜切口42例50眼;第2組行顳側(cè)3mm透明角膜切口52例60眼,第3組行3mm上方角鞏膜隧道切口32例40眼。分別測(cè)量患者不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的裸眼遠(yuǎn)視力、最佳矯正遠(yuǎn)視力、球鏡度數(shù)及散光度數(shù),對(duì)比分析術(shù)后患者的屈光狀態(tài)變化規(guī)律及屈光穩(wěn)定性。
結(jié)果:裸眼遠(yuǎn)視力組內(nèi)比較,術(shù)前與術(shù)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.01),術(shù)后早期(術(shù)后1、3d)與術(shù)后1、3mo差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),三組患者術(shù)后裸眼遠(yuǎn)視力較術(shù)前均提高明顯,且均在術(shù)后1mo趨于穩(wěn)定;最佳矯正遠(yuǎn)視力組內(nèi)比較,術(shù)前與術(shù)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3d差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3mo差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),三組患者最佳矯正遠(yuǎn)視力術(shù)后較術(shù)前均提高明顯,且均在術(shù)后1wk趨于穩(wěn)定;球鏡度數(shù)組內(nèi)比較,術(shù)后1、3d差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),出現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)視漂移,術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3d比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3mo比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),三組患者球鏡度數(shù)在術(shù)后1wk趨于穩(wěn)定;散光度數(shù)組內(nèi)比較,術(shù)后較術(shù)前角膜散光度數(shù)均增加,術(shù)后1d,各組術(shù)后角膜散光達(dá)到最大,隨后逐漸減小;術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3d比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3mo差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),三組患者術(shù)后較術(shù)前散光度數(shù)均增加明顯,且均在術(shù)后1wk趨于穩(wěn)定。
結(jié)論:白內(nèi)障手術(shù)中3mm左右上方透明角膜切口、顳側(cè)透明角膜切口及上方鞏膜隧道切口不同術(shù)式術(shù)后視力恢復(fù)均良好,均可作治療白內(nèi)障的常規(guī)手術(shù)術(shù)式;白內(nèi)障術(shù)后早期屈光狀態(tài)呈輕度遠(yuǎn)視狀態(tài),且在術(shù)后1wk左右穩(wěn)定,結(jié)合臨床可指導(dǎo)配鏡。
白內(nèi)障;屈光狀態(tài);屈光穩(wěn)定性
引用:謝南明,呂旭菁.不同術(shù)式白內(nèi)障術(shù)后屈光狀態(tài)變化規(guī)律及穩(wěn)定性研究.國(guó)際眼科雜志2016;16(10):1865-1868
目前,白內(nèi)障是我國(guó)視力損害主要疾病,嚴(yán)重時(shí)可致盲,每年世界上視力喪失患者有一半左右是由白內(nèi)障導(dǎo)致的,但目前沒(méi)有藥物可有效預(yù)防或延緩白內(nèi)障,以手術(shù)治療為主[1]。美國(guó)Stephen Brint在1994年率先提出“屈光性白內(nèi)障手術(shù)”的概念,經(jīng)過(guò)20a的不斷演變與改進(jìn),小切口白內(nèi)障超聲乳化聯(lián)合人工晶狀體植入術(shù)不僅能防盲復(fù)明,術(shù)后還能有效改善視覺(jué)質(zhì)量[2]。球鏡度數(shù)和散光度數(shù)反映了白內(nèi)障術(shù)后的屈光狀態(tài),術(shù)后球鏡度數(shù)常受術(shù)前測(cè)量、術(shù)后囊膜改變等因素影響,探討術(shù)后屈光狀態(tài)的變化規(guī)律,對(duì)臨床術(shù)后屈光誤差提供參考[3]。目前對(duì)于術(shù)后1wk,1、3mo的研究較多,術(shù)后1d與術(shù)后3d定義為術(shù)后早期,而對(duì)于術(shù)后1、3d的早期屈光狀態(tài)的研究較少[4]。本研究通過(guò)比較不同術(shù)式白內(nèi)障術(shù)后患者的屈光狀態(tài)變化規(guī)律,分析白內(nèi)障術(shù)后患者屈光穩(wěn)定性,以期為白內(nèi)障患者臨床術(shù)后視覺(jué)質(zhì)量獲得提供參考。
1.1對(duì)象回顧性研究。選取2014-01/2015-12常州市第一人民醫(yī)院行白內(nèi)障摘除聯(lián)合人工晶狀體植入術(shù)的患者126例150眼,其中男61例72眼、女65例78眼,年齡51~85(平均62.74±6.89)歲。根據(jù)不同手術(shù)方式分為3組,第1組行上方3mm透明角膜切口42例50眼;第2組行顳側(cè)3mm透明角膜切口52例60眼,第3組行3mm上方角鞏膜隧道切口32例40眼。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):手術(shù)前后隨訪資料完整;排除患有基礎(chǔ)疾病、其他眼部疾病及術(shù)后發(fā)生并發(fā)癥的患者。術(shù)前各組間的年齡、性別構(gòu)成比差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),各組間具有可比性。
1.2方法所有患者術(shù)前1d,給予鹽酸左氧氟沙星滴眼液點(diǎn)術(shù)眼,3次/d,預(yù)防感染;于術(shù)前30min,予鹽酸奧布卡因滴眼液行表面麻醉點(diǎn)術(shù)眼。第1組:在11∶00~12∶00位角膜緣內(nèi)約1mm做一寬約3mm三平面透明角膜切口,注入適量透明質(zhì)酸鈉穩(wěn)定前房,然后行直徑約5mm連續(xù)環(huán)形撕囊,采用單純劈核技術(shù)吸出晶狀體核,再然后注入適量透明質(zhì)酸鈉至囊袋內(nèi),植入人工晶狀體,抽吸剩余黏彈劑,術(shù)畢涂妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏,包扎術(shù)眼。第2組:在顳側(cè)角膜緣內(nèi)約1mm做一寬約3mm三平面透明角膜切口,注入適量透明質(zhì)酸鈉穩(wěn)定前房,然后行直徑約5mm連續(xù)環(huán)形撕囊,采用單純劈核技術(shù)吸出晶狀體核,再然后注入適量透明質(zhì)酸鈉至囊袋內(nèi),植入人工晶狀體,抽吸剩余黏彈劑,術(shù)畢涂妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏,包扎術(shù)眼。第3組:在11∶00~12∶00位角膜緣后約1mm做一寬約3mm帶結(jié)膜瓣的角鞏膜隧道式切口,注入適量透明質(zhì)酸鈉穩(wěn)定前房,然后行直徑約5mm連續(xù)環(huán)形撕囊,撥動(dòng)晶狀體核至前房,在其表面注入適量透明質(zhì)酸鈉,將晶狀體手法碎核乳化后取出,再然后注入適量透明質(zhì)酸鈉至囊袋內(nèi),植入人工晶狀體,抽吸剩余黏彈劑,術(shù)畢涂涂妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏,包扎術(shù)眼。術(shù)后隨訪3mo。手術(shù)前后采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)視力對(duì)數(shù)表測(cè)定裸眼遠(yuǎn)視力;先用經(jīng)綜合驗(yàn)光儀測(cè)量,再經(jīng)主覺(jué)驗(yàn)光測(cè)定,同時(shí)記錄球鏡度數(shù);采用ZeissATLAS9000角膜地形圖儀進(jìn)行不少于5次的測(cè)量散光度數(shù),取其中一次最好的測(cè)量作為測(cè)定結(jié)果[5-6]。
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:采用SPSS 20.0軟件,計(jì)量資料用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),重復(fù)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)采用方差分析,組間均數(shù)兩兩比較采用LSD-t法。以P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1手術(shù)前后裸眼遠(yuǎn)視力情況三組患者術(shù)后較術(shù)前裸眼遠(yuǎn)視力均提高明顯,且均在術(shù)后1mo趨于穩(wěn)定。不同組間各相同時(shí)間點(diǎn)兩兩之間差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=1.17,P>0.05);組內(nèi)比較,三組均術(shù)后1d與術(shù)后3d差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P>0.05),術(shù)后1mo與術(shù)后3mo差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),但術(shù)后早期(1、3d)與術(shù)后1、3mo均差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=19.02,P<0.05),術(shù)前與術(shù)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表1。

表1 三組患者手術(shù)前后裸眼遠(yuǎn)視力比較 ±s
注:1組行上方3mm透明角膜切口;2組行顳側(cè)3mm透明角膜切口;3組行3mm上方角鞏膜隧道切口。

表2 三組患者手術(shù)前后最佳矯正遠(yuǎn)視力比較 ±s
注:1組行上方3mm透明角膜切口;2組行顳側(cè)3mm透明角膜切口;3組行3mm上方角鞏膜隧道切口。

表3 三組患者手術(shù)前后球鏡度數(shù)比較 ,D)
注:1組行上方3mm透明角膜切口;2組行顳側(cè)3mm透明角膜切口;3組行3mm上方角鞏膜隧道切口。

表4 三組患者手術(shù)前后散光度數(shù)比較 ,D)
注:1組行上方3mm透明角膜切口;2組行顳側(cè)3mm透明角膜切口;3組行3mm上方角鞏膜隧道切口。
2.2手術(shù)前后最佳矯正遠(yuǎn)視力情況三組患者術(shù)后較術(shù)前最佳矯正遠(yuǎn)視力均提高明顯,且均在術(shù)后1wk趨于穩(wěn)定。不同組間各相同時(shí)間點(diǎn)兩兩之間差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=1.22,P>0.05);組內(nèi)比較,三組均術(shù)后1d與術(shù)后3d差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=19.11,P>0.05),術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3d差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.05),術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3mo差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),術(shù)前與術(shù)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3手術(shù)前后球鏡度數(shù)情況三組患者球鏡度數(shù)在術(shù)后1wk趨于穩(wěn)定。 不同組間各相同時(shí)間點(diǎn)兩兩之間差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=1.75,P>0.05);組內(nèi)比較,三組均術(shù)后1d與術(shù)后3d差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),出現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)視漂移,術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3d差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3mo差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P>0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.4手術(shù)前后散光度數(shù)情況三組患者術(shù)后較術(shù)前散光度數(shù)均增加明顯,且均在術(shù)后1wk趨于穩(wěn)定。不同組間各相同時(shí)間點(diǎn)兩兩之間差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=1.66,P>0.05);組內(nèi)比較,三組均術(shù)后較術(shù)前角膜散光度數(shù)均增加,術(shù)后1d,各組術(shù)后角膜散光達(dá)到最大,隨后逐漸減小;術(shù)后1d與術(shù)后3d差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3d差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.05),術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3mo差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),表4。
白內(nèi)障術(shù)后裸眼視力及最佳矯正視力的恢復(fù)在臨床上往往存在波動(dòng),有研究報(bào)道,術(shù)后早期與前房深度的變化、角膜水腫及角膜散光有一定關(guān)系[7]。在視力穩(wěn)定的術(shù)后晚期波動(dòng)與后發(fā)性白內(nèi)障關(guān)系密切,受術(shù)前狀況、手術(shù)方式、人工晶狀體、術(shù)后炎癥等因素影響,術(shù)中連續(xù)環(huán)形撕囊、術(shù)后抗炎藥物應(yīng)用對(duì)降低后發(fā)性白內(nèi)障有積極作用[8]。本研究中,測(cè)量并記錄患者術(shù)后1、3d,1wk,1、3mo的裸眼視力及最佳矯正視力,探究白內(nèi)障術(shù)后的視力變化。術(shù)前與術(shù)后比較,三組的視力較術(shù)前均有明顯提高,術(shù)后早期視力的恢復(fù)與前房深度的變化、前房炎癥反應(yīng)有關(guān),術(shù)后1wk以后,視力逐漸上升;組間進(jìn)行比較,三組之間無(wú)明顯差異,不同手術(shù)方式對(duì)術(shù)后視力的恢復(fù)無(wú)明顯影響,表明三種手術(shù)方式均可作為常規(guī)治療方法。
白內(nèi)障術(shù)后球鏡度數(shù)是衡量術(shù)后改善視覺(jué)質(zhì)量的重要參數(shù),它受術(shù)中撕囊口的直徑、術(shù)后人工晶狀體的位置偏差等因素影響[9]。術(shù)后屈光狀態(tài)受術(shù)中撕囊的大小的影響,撕囊直徑剛好覆蓋光學(xué)部邊緣約0.5mm為宜,過(guò)大或過(guò)小均會(huì)導(dǎo)致屈光改變[10];白內(nèi)障術(shù)后人工晶狀體的位置偏差也會(huì)導(dǎo)致患者術(shù)后的屈光誤差,嚴(yán)重可能要置換人工晶狀體[11]。本研究中,三組間比較,各相同時(shí)間點(diǎn)兩兩之間差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),表明不同術(shù)式對(duì)白內(nèi)障術(shù)后的球鏡度數(shù)無(wú)明顯影響。組內(nèi)比較,早期術(shù)后1d與術(shù)后3d差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),出現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)視漂移,可能是患者術(shù)后房角組織水腫損傷以致眼壓升高,人工晶狀體后移,出現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)視;術(shù)后1wk與術(shù)后1、3d差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),與術(shù)后1、3mo差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P>0.05),表明三組患者球鏡度數(shù)在術(shù)后1wk趨于穩(wěn)定,可能隨著房角功能的恢復(fù),人工晶狀體前移,遠(yuǎn)視消失[12]。白內(nèi)障術(shù)后球鏡度數(shù)受多因素影響,根據(jù)臨床情況,把握好術(shù)前、術(shù)中及術(shù)后各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),最大限度降低術(shù)后屈光偏差[13]。
白內(nèi)障術(shù)后散光是術(shù)后改善視覺(jué)質(zhì)量的另一重要方面。本研究中,大部分患者術(shù)前低度散光,且隨年齡增加而增大,可能與老年人眼球張力變化有關(guān)[14]。術(shù)后早期三組角膜散光度數(shù)最大,可能與角膜水腫有關(guān),約術(shù)后1wk穩(wěn)定[15]。另外,顳側(cè)切口出現(xiàn)了由逆規(guī)向順規(guī)的漂移,而其他兩個(gè)術(shù)式切口的散光軸向均出現(xiàn)了由順規(guī)向逆規(guī)的漂移。可能是由于切口處角膜水腫,增加了切口散光,而后,隨著切口的愈合,又降低了切口散光[16]。白內(nèi)障術(shù)后屈光狀態(tài)的穩(wěn)定與切口愈合密切相關(guān)。本研究中,屈光穩(wěn)定時(shí)間為1wk。有研究報(bào)道,術(shù)后1wk屈光己穩(wěn)定,但眼內(nèi)各部分并未穩(wěn)固,約術(shù)后3mo才達(dá)到充分穩(wěn)定,所以,建議術(shù)后3mo后配鏡[17]。
綜上所述,3mm左右上方透明角膜切口、顳側(cè)透明角膜切口及上方鞏膜隧道切口不同術(shù)式術(shù)后視力恢復(fù)均良好,均可作為治療白內(nèi)障的常規(guī)手術(shù)術(shù)式;白內(nèi)障術(shù)后早期屈光狀態(tài)呈輕度遠(yuǎn)視狀態(tài),且在1wk左右穩(wěn)定,結(jié)合臨床可指導(dǎo)配鏡。
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Retrospective study on the changes of refractive state and stability after cataract surgery
Nan-Ming Xie,Xu-Jing Lü
Nan-Ming Xie.Department of Ophthalmology,Changzhou First People’s Hospital,Changzhou 213000,Jiangsu Province,China.3483017010@qq.com
2016-06-17Accepted:2016-09-06
cataract; refraction; refractive stability
(213000)中國(guó)江蘇省常州市第一人民醫(yī)院眼科
謝南明,副主任醫(yī)師,眼科副主任,研究方向:白內(nèi)障及視網(wǎng)膜病。
謝南明.3483017010@qq.com
2016-06-17
2016-09-06
Xie NM,Lü XJ.Retrospective study on the changes of refractive state and stability after cataract surgery.Guoji Yanke Zazhi(Int Eye Sci) 2016;16(10):1865-1868
10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.10.19