經營措施及地形因子與南方紅豆杉杈干關系1)

歐建德 吳志莊

(明溪縣林業局，三明，365200) (浙江省竹子高效加工重點實驗室(國家林業局竹子研究開發中心))

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經營措施及地形因子與南方紅豆杉杈干關系1)

歐建德 吳志莊

(明溪縣林業局，三明，365200) (浙江省竹子高效加工重點實驗室(國家林業局竹子研究開發中心))

南方紅豆杉分杈是南方紅豆杉內在生理因素和外部環境條件共同作用的結果。為探明經營措施和地形因子與南方紅豆杉杈干關系，選取福建省明溪縣65個標準地，采用數量化理論法Ⅰ構建杈干數學模型并驗證。結果表明：以造林類型、坡向、苗木類型、林分密度、坡位為變量，構建的南方紅豆杉杈干率、分杈高度數學模型是合適的。影響南方紅豆杉杈干率因子重要性由大到小依次為造林類型、坡向、苗木類型、林分密度、坡位; 影響南方紅豆杉分杈高度因子重要性由大到小依次為造林類型、林分密度、苗木類型、坡向、坡位;這些因子對南方紅豆杉杈干現象影響均達到極顯著性。采用林下套種模式與2年生宿土苗木類型，選擇陰坡和下坡、山谷，提高造林密度與林分密度，能顯著減少杈干發生，提高分杈高度。

南方紅豆杉；杈干；經營措施；地形因子；數量化理論

The forking ofTaxuswallichinavar.maireiis caused by both the internal physiological factors and external environmental conditions. To explore the relationship between the management measures and terrain factors ofT.wallichinavar.maireiplantation and its forking, the forking mathematical models were built by using the quantitative theory I model with 65 sample plots in theT.wallichinasvar.maireion Mingxi County of Fujian Province, and those models were validated. The forking height mathematical models ofT.wallichinavar.maireiwith the afforestation type, the slope direction, the seedling type, the stand density, and the slope position were suitable. The descending order of importance affecting the multiple stem ratio forT.wallichinavar.maireiwas afforestation type, slope direction, seedling type, stand density, and slope position. The descending order of importance affecting the forking height forT.wallichinavar.maireiwas afforestation type, stand density, seedling type, slope direction, and slope position. All the factors had significant effect onT.wallichinavar.maireiforking. Adopting the interplanting patterns and 2-year territory seedling types, choosing the shady slope, downhill and valley, and increasing afforestation density and stand density can effectively decrease the proportion of forked trees, and increase the forking height.

分杈是指由于某種原因使樹木的頂芽或頂枝停止生長或生長衰退，而使側芽或側枝發展起來，形成多岐樹干的一種現象[1]。前人研究結論認為林木分杈現象，一方面，受自身遺傳物質控制[2]，另一方面，也受到生態環境、培育措施及地形的影響[3-12]。……