時(shí)空因素對(duì)火山優(yōu)勢(shì)樹種根際真菌群落多樣性的影響1)

張建峰 周奇 田磊 馬麗娜 田春杰

(吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)，長(zhǎng)春，1301182) (中國(guó)科學(xué)院東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所)

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時(shí)空因素對(duì)火山優(yōu)勢(shì)樹種根際真菌群落多樣性的影響1)

張建峰 周奇 田磊 馬麗娜 田春杰

(吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)，長(zhǎng)春，1301182) (中國(guó)科學(xué)院東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所)

以五大連池地區(qū)噴發(fā)年代相差較大的老黑山(0.02萬年前)、東焦得布山(80萬年前)和南格拉球山(200萬年前)3座火山南北坡為代表，采用PCR-DGGE聯(lián)用技術(shù)研究了火山優(yōu)勢(shì)樹種根際真菌多樣性。結(jié)果表明：(1)采用UPGMA法對(duì)根際真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)相似性的分析表明，3座火山根際真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)相似性隨著火山噴發(fā)后時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)先不變后升高；但南坡和北坡根際真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)相似性不同。(2)運(yùn)用BIODAP軟件對(duì)根際真菌群落多樣性的分析表明，3座火山南北坡的均勻度無明顯變化，均為0.99；3座火山南坡豐富度和多樣性指數(shù)均隨火山噴發(fā)后時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)先降低后增加；北坡豐富度和多樣性指數(shù)均隨火山噴發(fā)后時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)先持平后增加。(3)采用SPSS分析軟件對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)和根際真菌多樣性的相關(guān)性分析表明，3座火山南北坡豐富度和多樣性指數(shù)與土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)之間相關(guān)顯著(p<0.05)。

五大連池；時(shí)空因素；根際真菌；變性梯度凝膠電泳

Laoheishan, Dongjiao Mountain and the south and north slopes of South Gamla Ball Shan, which have large differences in age, were selected as representatives of Wudalianchi volcanic rock to study the diversity of rhizosphere fungi, using PCR-DGGE combination technology. Using UPGAMA method in structural similarity analysis of rhizosphere fungi community, the structural similarity of rhizosphere fungi community for the three volcanoes displayed a trend of being constant before increasing with the time extension of the volcano eruption, indicating that time was one of the factors affecting rhizosphere fungal community. The structural similarity of rhizosphere fungi community for the south slope was different compared to the north slope, showing that the slope direction was also one of the factors affecting rhizosphere fungal community. Using BIODAP software to analyze the diversity of rhizosphere fungi, the evenness of both the three volcanoes’ south slope and north slopes was the same index of 0.99. The changing trends for the abundance and diversity index of rhizosphere fungi of the three-volcano south slopes was the same, which seemed to be increasing after first decreasing with volcanic eruption. The variation trend for the abundance and diversity index of rhizosphere fungi of the three volcanoes’ south slopes was also the same, which is constant before increasing with the time extension of the volcano eruption, indicating that time can change the diversity of rhizosphere fungi. Using SPSS software to do the correlation analysis for the soil physical-chemical properties and the diversity of rhizosphere fungi, the abundance and diversity index of rhizosphere fungi of the three-volcano north and south slopes were significantly associated with the soil organic matter (p<0.05). The abundance and diversity index of rhizosphere fungi of the three-volcano north and south slopes were positively related to the total soil nitrogen, available nitrogen, pH, available phosphorus, and available potassium, but the correlation was not significant.

土壤真菌是指以土壤為活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所完成全部或部分生活史的真菌，主要包括腐生或共生在土壤或母質(zhì)中的真菌區(qū)系[1-3]。1886年，Adametz從土壤中首次分離得到11株真菌[1]。根際真菌是土壤真菌主要組成部分之一，其以藻狀菌和半知菌中的絲孢菌成員為主。……