黃雙雙 裴隆翠 吳艷雙 孫海龍
(東北林業大學,哈爾濱,150040)
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水曲柳混交林與次生林土壤微生物量與酶活性特征1)
黃雙雙 裴隆翠 吳艷雙 孫海龍
(東北林業大學,哈爾濱,150040)
以天然次生林和人工營造的水曲柳-落葉松(水落)、水曲柳-云杉(水云)和水曲柳-紅松(水紅)混交林為研究對象,測定了4種林型的土壤微生物量和酶活性。結果表明:次生林和水云混交林土壤中微生物量碳、氮質量分數均高于水落和水紅混交林,土壤微生物磷質量分數也表現為水紅混交林最低,但是土層深(H)0≤H<10 cm土壤微生物量碳質量分數/總碳質量分數和土壤微生物量氮質量分數/總氮質量分數表現為水紅混交林最高,水落混交林最低的趨勢。土層0≤H<10 cm土壤過氧化氫酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性均表現為水紅混交林最低的趨勢。各林型土壤微生物量質量分數與土壤酶活性之間均呈顯著正相關關系,且與土壤全碳、全氮、全磷、銨態氮質量分數也呈顯著正相關。總之,次生林、水云和水落混交林由于較低的林分密度和較高的闊葉樹比例,土壤生物活性較高,而水紅混交林則相反。
次生林;水曲柳混交林;土壤微生物;土壤酶活性
Soil microbial biomasses and soil enzyme activities were investigated in the secondary forest (SF) and the mixed plantations ofFraxinusmandshuricaandLarixgmelinii(FLP),FraxinusmandshuricaandPiceakoraiensis(FPKP),FraxinusmandshuricaandPinuskoraiensis(FPP). The soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) were higher in the SF and FPKP than those in the FLP and FKP. Soil microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) in the FPP were significantly lower. But the ratio of soil MBC to total carbon and MBN to total nitrogen in 0-10 cm depth were highest in the FPP, while the lowest in the FLP. Soil catalase, sucrase, urease and phosphatase activities in 0-10 cm depth were also lower in the FPP. There were a significantly positive correlation between soil microbial biomasses and soil enzyme activities, which were positively correlated with the soil total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen. Therefore, the lower stand density and higher ratio of broadleaf trees increase the soil biological activities in SF, FLP and FPKP, but they are opposite in FPP.
土壤微生物量是體積小于5×10-3μm3的細菌、真菌、藻類和原生動物等生物的總量[1-3],參與了土壤碳、氮、磷等營養元素的循環和轉化,是土壤有機質的活性部分,也是土壤養分的儲備庫[4-6]。土壤酶是來自土壤微生物和植物根系的一種生物催化劑[7-8],參與了土壤中的各種生物和生物化學過程,常用其活性表征這些過程的強度[9-12]。兩者對外界干擾的響應均十分敏感,常共同研究用于分析土壤生物活性情況,對于土壤肥力和質量的評價具有重要意義。維持和提高森林土壤質量是森林可持續經營的關鍵,但是營造人工針葉純林常導致林地土壤質量下降[5,13-16],而針葉樹與闊葉樹的混交林能夠緩解這種影響,如云杉(Piceaabies)與山毛櫸(Fagussylvatica)混交[17]、落葉松(Larixgmelinii)與水曲柳(Fraxinusmandshurica)混交[18-19]、黑松(Pinusthunbergii)與刺槐(Robiniapseudoacacia)混交[20]等。研究發現,林分混交后土壤質量的這種轉變與闊葉樹混入后改變了土壤中的生物學過程密切相關[21-22],因此,增加對混交林中土壤微生物和酶活性的研究有助于深入理解林木混交對土壤肥力影響的機制,并為林分的可持續經營提供理論支持。……