塔里木河流域不同齡組胡楊林土壤理化性質(zhì)及相關(guān)性1)

王新英 史軍輝 劉茂秀

(新疆林業(yè)科學(xué)院，烏魯木齊，830046)

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塔里木河流域不同齡組胡楊林土壤理化性質(zhì)及相關(guān)性1)

王新英 史軍輝 劉茂秀

(新疆林業(yè)科學(xué)院，烏魯木齊，830046)

采用典型樣地設(shè)置、野外調(diào)查和室內(nèi)測(cè)定與分析相結(jié)合的方法，研究了不同林齡天然胡楊林土壤理化性質(zhì)的變化特征及其相關(guān)性。結(jié)果表明：(1)隨著林齡增加，土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、堿解N、速效P、速效K質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)和土壤密度先增加后降低，土壤含水量降低，土壤總鹽質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)波動(dòng)性較大，呈倒“W”型變化；土壤養(yǎng)分狀況在近、成熟林階段最佳；(2)隨著土層深度的增加，各齡組土壤密度增加，總鹽、堿解N、速效P、速效K質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)和土壤含水量卻隨著土壤深度的增加而降低，土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)僅在幼齡林中隨著土壤深度的增加而降低；幼齡林、中齡林、成熟林和過(guò)熟林土壤養(yǎng)分主要集中在0～20 cm土層，近熟林則主要集中在0～10 cm和≥20～40 cm土壤層次；(3)0～40 cm土層，各齡組土壤理化性質(zhì)總體上差異顯著，60 cm以下土層差異不顯著，說(shuō)明林齡對(duì)土壤堿解N、速效P、速效K質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的影響隨著土壤深度的增加而降低；(4)土壤理化性質(zhì)之間關(guān)系密切，土壤密度與土壤速效P和速效K呈顯著正相關(guān)(P=0)，土壤水分與土壤鹽分(P=0.011)、土壤速效K(P=0.028)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)，土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、堿解N、速效P、速效K質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)均呈顯著正相關(guān)(P=0)。

塔里木河；胡楊林；土壤理化性質(zhì)

Through the typical sample set, field investigation, laboratory measurement and analysis, the correlation and variation characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties in different ages ofPopuluseuphraticaforest were studied to provide data support and theoretical guidance for Tarim River BasinPopuluseuphraticaforest resources management and maintenance. The content of soil organic matter, soil alkaline hydrolysis N, soil rapidly available P and K, and the volume weight of soil increased and then decreased with the increase of the age; however, the soil moisture content decreased, and the total salt content of the soil showed an obvious W-shaped fluctuation trend, and the soil nutrient condition reached an optimum state at the near-mature and mature forest stages. The volume weight of soil increased with the increase of the soil depth in different age classes, while the content of soil moisture, soil total salt, soil alkaline hydrolysis N, and soil rapidly available P and K showed the opposite trends. The content of soil organic matter merely decreased with the increase of the soil depth in the young forest, and the soil nutrient accumulated mainly in 0-20 cm soil layer in the young, half-mature, mature and over-mature forests, otherwise, it accumulated mainly in 0-10 cm and 20-40 cm layers in the near-mature forest, respectively. There was a significant difference between the physical and chemical proprieties of soil in different age classes in the layer 0-40 cm, while there was no significant difference below 60 cm, suggesting that the effect of age class on the content of soil alkaline hydrolysis N, soil rapidly available P and K decreased with the increase of the soil depth. There was a close correlation between the physical and chemical proprieties of soil, the volume weight of soil was significantly positively correlated to the soil rapidly available P and K (P=0), the soil moisture content was significantly negatively correlated to the soil salinity (P=0.011) and the soil rapidly available K (P=0.028), while the soil organic matter, the soil alkaline hydrolysis N, the soil rapidly available P and the soil rapidly available K were significantly positively correlated to each other in content (P=0).

森林土壤是森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，是林木生長(zhǎng)所需礦物營(yíng)養(yǎng)主要來(lái)源，為森林的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、繁衍生息提供了必要的環(huán)境條件，對(duì)植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和功能具有重要影響，是植物群落演替過(guò)程中不可或缺的研究?jī)?nèi)容[1]。……