社會工作視角下男同性戀大學(xué)生自我認同研究

王麗圓

【摘要】目的：本文旨在社會工作視角下就男同性戀大學(xué)生自我認同這一主題進行探討與分析，進一步豐富男同性戀者自我認同研究。方法：運用文獻分析法等收集資料，再采用定性研究中的滾雪球法確定目標(biāo)群體，選取了10位身邊可接觸到的男同性戀在校大學(xué)生，并結(jié)合半結(jié)構(gòu)式訪談法進一步收集相關(guān)信息和研究。結(jié)果：本文根據(jù)自我認同概念，從同志身份認同、性行為角色認同、性別角色認同三方面探討了男同性戀者自我認同過程，結(jié)合訪談分析出其認同受到家庭環(huán)境、同志圈亞文化、社會主流文化等相關(guān)因素的影響，反映出該群體相關(guān)的社會生存現(xiàn)狀。結(jié)論：男同性戀大學(xué)生自我認同是一個內(nèi)在與外化兩個系統(tǒng)間相互磨合的一個過程，不僅是其個體自身認知的發(fā)展階段，也是受外在系統(tǒng)影響的復(fù)雜過程。

【關(guān)鍵詞】社會工作視角；男同性戀大學(xué)生；自我認同

【Abstract】Objectives： To explore and analyze the theme of male college students self-identity under the social work perspective， and further enrich the research of male homosexuals self-identity. Methods： Data was collected by using the literature analysis method， and then the snowball method in qualitative research was used to determine the target group. 10 male homosexual college students were selected and semi-structured interview was used to further collect related information and research. Results： According to the concept of self-identity， this paper discussed the process of self-identity of male homosexuals from three aspects： gay role identity， sex behavior role identity， gender role identity， and found that the process was influenced by the family environment， the gay subculture and the social mainstream culture. At the same time the paper reflected related social present survival status of the group. Conclusions： Male homosexual college students self-identity is a process that the two systems mutually fit in with each other by internal and external system， which is not only the individuals own cognitive development stage， but also the complex process of the external system.

【Key words】Social work perspective； Male homosexual college students； Self-identity

【中圖分類號】R167【文獻標(biāo)志碼】A

1引言

同性戀是指以同性為對象的性愛傾向和行為，同性戀者則是以同性為性愛對象的個人（男人或女人） [1]。同性戀不僅是一種性取向和行為方式，也是一種性身份，代表著一種規(guī)范或者角色[2]。自我認同由英語的identity演繹而來，identity包含身份、認同兩重含義，同性戀身份認同即同性戀者接受自己的性身份，歸屬于同性戀群體[3]。同性戀身份的自我認同是認同自己愛同性（生理性別）的事實，并在內(nèi)心接受這一事實[4]。它也是自我認同的一個非常重要的組成部分[5]，是發(fā)展積極情感和產(chǎn)生群體歸屬感的基礎(chǔ)[6]。……