簡單句不簡單

楊華新

筆者多次參加過高考作文評卷工作，在評卷的過程中，發現許多考生在表達方面用了較多的簡單句，句型單調，缺乏連貫，毫無亮點。當然，至于運用什么樣的句式，我們建議考生要量力而行。其實，只要考生在平時稍加留意，在熟練掌握簡單句的基礎上，巧妙地將同位語、介詞短語、分詞短語等融入其中，不但可以豐富表達，也令內容精彩迭出，從而讓簡單句不再“簡單”。以下是讓簡單句變“高級”的常用手段：

1. 將同位語嵌入簡單句中

同位語的功能是對前面的名詞或代詞進行解釋說明。可用同位語來合并兩個相關的簡單句，讓句子結構簡單明了。如：

Li Ming is our monitor. He is helpful as well as responsible.

→ Li Ming， our monitor， is helpful as well as responsible.

同時，含有定語從句的復合句，其實用含有同位語的簡單句來表達，更簡潔。如：

The other day I met Tom， who is my former classmate.

→ The other day I met Tom， my former classmate.

2. 將介詞短語巧置簡單句句首

The boy is honest as well as modest.

→Apart from being honest， the boy is modest as well.

They chose to go out shopping rather than stay at home watching TV.

→ Rather than stay at home watching TV， they chose to go out shopping.

We have so much work to complete. We cant relax ourselves this weekend.

→With so much work to complete， we cant relax ourselves this weekend.

3. 將分詞短語揉入簡單句中

He was lost in thought. He nearly bumped into a wall in front of him.

→Lost in thought， he nearly bumped into a wall in front of him.

She buried herself in an amusing book. She was unaware of what was happening around her.

→Burying herself in an amusing book， she was unaware of what was happening around her.

→Buried in an amusing book， she was unaware of what was happening around her.

4. 將形容詞（短語）插入簡單句中

形容詞（短語）置于句首，可以充當原因狀語。如：

The speaker was nervous. He was unable to utter a word on the stage.

→Nervous， the speaker was unable to utter a word on the stage.

此外，形容詞（短語）還可以充當主語補足語，往往置于句末，用以補充說明主語的狀態（注：也有人認為形容詞在此充當伴隨狀語）。如：

They arrived home late. They were tired and hungry.

→ They arrived home late， tired and hungry.

5. 將插入語融入簡單句中

有時，為了強調說話者的態度，可使用插入語。插入語可以是一個短語或句子，位置也比較靈活。如：

Without doubt， our team is bound to defeat theirs.

She， I suppose， is kind of shy.

Youre one of the most popular teachers in our school， to be honest with you.

除了上述提到的五種常用的手段外，其實，把簡單句進行以下的“改裝”，同樣可以取得意想不到的效果。

6. 換成感嘆句

The graduation ceremony is pretty memorable and unforgettable.

→How memorable and unforgettable the graduation ceremony is！

Mr. Wang is an extremely hard-working and easy-going teacher.

→What a hard-working and easy-going teacher Mr. Wang is！

7. 妙用倒裝句

A small garden is in front of the house.

→In front of the house is a small garden.

I realized my mistake at that moment.

→ Only at that moment did I realize my mistake.

I will always keep your practical suggestions in mind.

→ Never shall I forget your practical suggestions！

8. 善用強調句

Our parents took great pains to bring us up.

→It is our parents who took great pains to bring us up.

The dirty water accounted for the illness of many people.

→ It was the dirty water that accounted for the illness of many people.

9. 巧用省略句

Are you free these days？ Please pay me a visit.

→Please pay me a visit when / if free these days.

Mr. Chen is in his eighties. He is still in good health.

→Though in his eighties， Mr. Chen is in good health.

【牛刀小試】

為了讓考生在高考的“書面表達”中更熟練地運用“高級簡單句”，筆者特意設置了以下練習。

一、單句填空 根據中文提示完成以下句子。

1. _____________________________ （很好奇發生了什么事情），she walked into the restaurant to have a good look.

2. ______________________________ （受到老師的表揚）， Li Ping works even harder than before.

3. ________________________________________ （那位村民在前面帶路）， we got to the destination without difficulty.

4. A lecture on how to improve self-confidence will be held by Mr. Yan， __________________________________________ （一位來自北京大學的教授）.

5. ________________________ （精確來講）， his success largely depends on luck rather than on his ability.

6. ____________________ （有必要的話）， Ill do you a favor and help you out.

二、合并句子 用上述提到的手段將每組的兩個句子合并成一個高級簡單句。

1. Our school was built in 1916. It has a history of 100 years.

2. Toms father is a successful man. He is a manager of that company.

3. We saw a wonderful movie last night. The name of the movie is Gone with the Wind.

4. I wont attend her wedding. Instead， Ill do my work in the office tonight.

5. She was angry with her boyfriend. She ignored him on purpose.

6. My deskmate went home alone just now. He looked rather discouraged.

三、句子翻譯 將下列句子譯成英文。

1. 姚明，一位籃球運動員，是我見過的最高的人。

2. 時間允許的話，我會帶你游覽一下我的家鄉。

3. 她面帶微笑，心滿意足地離開了圖書館。

4. 他的父親在一間機構工作。那間機構附屬于中山大學。（attach）

5. 我是在農村度過我難忘的童年的。

6. 我多么感激父母把我撫養大！

四、文段潤色 請用各種手段將以下文段進行潤色。

One day after school， we went home and felt relaxed. There was an old lady behind us， who is one of my neighbours. All of a sudden， a car was out of control and nearly bumped into us. We were lucky enough to avoid being hit. But unfortunately， the old lady was knocked down while she was crossing the street. As soon as we saw what had happened， we came up to her in a hurry and found that she was bleeding badly. We didnt hesitate to send for an ambulance and took her to the nearby hospital. The doctors started operating on the old lady in no time and we were waiting anxiously outside. To our joy， the old lady was out of danger with the help of the doctors and she was able to walk normally a week later. Though she was in great pain， she never moaned（呻吟）. She was really brave and determined.

五、寫作運用 用各種手段將以下的文段進行潤色。

Dear schoolmates and teachers，

Im honored to give a brief speech at the graduation ceremony on behalf of all the senior three students.

In the past three years， we have devoted ourselves to studying to make our dreams come true. When we are faced with difficulties and challenges， we shall never give up. We help and learn from each other. We benefit a great deal from it. Meanwhile， our beloved teachers always spare no effort to help us. We are so grateful for their timely assistance and will never forget their kindness. If it is convenient and possible， we will pay them visits after we graduate from high school.

Thats all. Thanks for Listening.

【小試牛刀】答案

一、單句填空

1. Wondering what had happened / Curious about what had happened

2. Praised by the teacher

3. With the villager leading the way ahead / Led by the villager ahead

4. a professor from Peking University

5. Exactly speaking / To be exact

6. If / When necessary

二、合并句子

1. Built in 1916， our school has a history of 100 years.

2. Toms father， a manager of that company， is a successful man.

3. We saw a wonderful movie with the name / entitled Gone with the Wind last night.

4. Instead of attending her wedding， Ill do my work in the office tonight. / Rather than attend her wedding， Ill do my work in the office tonight.

5. Angry with her boyfriend， she ignored him on purpose.

6. My deskmate went home alone just now， looking rather discouraged. / My deskmate went home alone just now， discouraged.

三、句子翻譯

1. Yao Ming， a basketball player， is the tallest person I have ever seen.

2. Time permitting， Ill take you around my hometown.

3. She left the library with a smile on her face， contented.

4. His father works in an institute attached to Sun Yat-Sen University.

5. It is in the countryside that I spent my unforgettable childhood.

6. How grateful / thankful I am to my parents for bringing me up！

四、文段潤色

One day after school， we went home， relaxed. There was an old lady， one of my neighbours， behind us. All of a sudden， out of control， a car nearly bumped into us. Lucky enough， we managed to avoid being hit. But unfortunately， the old lady was knocked down while crossing the street. On seeing what had happened， we came up to her in a hurry and found her bleeding badly. Without any hesitation，we sent for an ambulance and took her to the nearby hospital. In no time the doctors started operating on the old lady，with us waiting anxiously outside. To our joy， with the help of the doctors， the old lady was out of danger and able to walk normally a week later. Though in great pain， she never moaned（呻吟）. How brave and determined the lady was！ / What a brave and determined lady she was！

五、寫作運用

Dear teachers and schoolmates，

On behalf of all the senior three students， I am honored to give a brief speech at the graduation ceremony.

To make our dreams come true， in the past three years， we have devoted ourselves to studying. Faced with difficulties and challenges， never shall we give up. By helping and learning from each other， we benefit a great deal. Meanwhile， it is our beloved teachers who always spare no effort to help us out. How grateful we are for their timely assistance！Never shall we forget their kindness. If convenient and possible， we will pay them visits after graduating from high school.

Thats all. Thanks for listening.

責任編輯 蔣小青