淺談書面英語中的強調表達

張嘯野

語言交流中，為了突出表達某個部分的重要性，人們往往采用加重語氣的方法，以表示強調。比如：Who has been to Beijing before？ / Only Tom in the school.這里強調Who和Tom。在交流時，要重讀。

再如，An experienced secretary is wanted by the company now. / Mary worked in a large manufacture company for a half and two years.句子里面幾個詞要重讀，experienced，worked，years等，以表示強調。

那么，書面語中的強調是如何實現的呢？其實，書面語強調也是有規律可循的。比如：強調句型是我們最熟悉的。除此之外，書面英語中使用特殊的詞、短語等形式來表達強調語氣。下面從詞匯、句法兩方面，對強調用法作以說明：

一、詞匯方面的強調用法

1.形容詞very（恰好的，正是的）；last（最不可能的；最不恰當的） ；only等強調名詞。

（1）This is the very boob that I am looking for.

（2）He is the only person alive in the family.

（3）He is the last person Id trust with a secret.我要是有什么秘密，告訴誰也不能告訴他。

2.助動詞do/does，did強調動詞。

（1）Do be careful when crossing the road.

（2）I did write you a letter saying Thank you.我真的給你寫了一封信，對你表示感謝。

3.反身代詞oneself 作主語和賓語的同位語，加強語氣。

（1） He himself told me that he was going abroad the next month.他親口告訴我他下個月要出國。

（2） We had better ask the president herself about it.關于這件事最好問校長本人。

4.on earth，in the world ，ever（到底，究竟）用于疑問詞后面。

（1）What on earth did you do last night？

（2）How in the world did you know the secret？

（3）Why ever did you agree？

5.副詞just（正好，恰好，正要），right（恰好，正好，完全），well（完全地，徹底地，很），especially，particularly強調。

（1）He came just as I was leaving.我正要走時，他來了。

（2）There is a dog sitting right in the front of the little boy.

（3）The surface must be well prepared before you start to paint.

（4）Hes well able to take care of himself.

（5）I like the movie very much，especially the end .

（6） Marix seems to be particularly fond of her.

6.all，both，each作主語或者賓語的同位語。

（1）They all like it.

（2）I like them both.他們兩個我都喜歡。（作賓語同位語）

（3）The students each have a dictionary.

7.ones 與own （自己的、本人的）連用，強調形容詞性代詞。

（1）It was her own idea.

（2）I saw her with my own eyes.

（3）Later，I learned that taking responsibility for my own mistakes is extremely important.

8. （all） alone/by oneself/on ones own獨自地；單獨地。

（1）He lives all by himself.

（2）I want to finish this task on my own.

（3）In fact，while the number of people riding bikes remains stable，cyclist deaths have increased by 10% in the last year alone.

9.詞的重復表示強調。

（1）Day after day一天天地（強調重復）

（2）Day by day一天又一天（強調逐漸變化）

（3）Day in and day out天天（表示連續不息）

（4）Spring comes and it is getting warmer and warmer.

（5）He tried， tried again and again，and at last he succeeded in improving the repairing skills.他試呀試呀，一試再試，終于改進了修理技能。

（6）Enough is enough.適可而止。

（7）Like is like.以毒攻毒。

（8）Like teachers，like studens.嚴師出高徒。

10.程度副詞修飾形容詞和副詞比較級。常見的程度副詞有a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal，much，even，far，still，ever，by far等。

（1）—The film is， I have to say， not a bit interesting.

—Why？ Its ________than the films I have ever seen.

A.far more interesting B.much less interesting

C.no more interesting D.any less interesting

解析：答案A。選項首先可以排除B選項，因為“no +比較級+than”表示比較雙方都不怎么樣，故排除；B和D選項，意思差不多，都表示“非常不有趣”。另外， not a bit（一點也不；根本不），not a little（非常，很）意思也要清楚。上下兩句聯系起來，就可以確定答案了。

（2）The new classroom is much/a lot/still/even/a great deal larger than the old one.

11.用強調性否定詞： at all；in the least；a bit等。

（1）The boy wasnt at all tired.

（2） She wasnt in the least satisfied with me.

（3）Im not a bit cold.我一點兒都不冷。

12.情態動詞Shall（表示決心、命令）必須，一定，應該，must（非要），mustnt（絕對不能，禁止）用法。

（1）He is determined that you shall succeed.他決心使你成功。

（2）—Sir，must you park your car at this Fire Engine Access？先生，你非得把車停在消防通道哪兒嗎？

—Sorry，I didnt notice that.

（3）You mustnt enter the meeting-room without being permitted.

二、句法方面的強調用法

1.比較級用于否定句，表示最高級含義。

（1）—Tom ，how was your party last night？

—It couldnt have been worse.Many young men behaved badly .Besides，the food was little.

（2）—How do you like the hotel？

—Its great and I couldnt have found a better one.

2.Can not/ never/hardly…too；cannot do enough無論……也不過分；越……越好。

（1）You can never be too careful in the street.在街上越小心越好。

（2） I cannot thank you enough.我對你感激不盡。

3.What從句表示強調。

（1） What John wants is a birthday party.

（2）What we should pay more attention to is how the local government will take action.

4.倒裝句表示強調。

A.完全倒裝：（1）Look，there comes a bus.

（2）On the top of the hill stands a temple where the old man once lived.

（3）Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.

B.部分倒裝：“Only+狀語”放在句首；否定副詞never/nor/little/seldom等放于句首；短語at no time；under/in no circumstances；in no case；by no means；on no condition等放置句首。

（1）Only when Tom fully recovered did he go back to work.

（2）Little did I know that this spilled the end of my career.

（3）At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.

5.“the+ 比較級……the +比較級”，表示“越……越……”用來強調后者。

（1）The busier he is，the happier he feels.他越忙越感到高興。

（2） The more careful，the fewer mistakes will lend you to another failure.你越小心，導致你失敗的錯誤就越少。

6.強調句表示強調。

（1）強調主語：It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.

It is not what you have but what you learn that matters

（2）強調賓語：It was him who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.

（3） 強調狀語：It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.

Itwas yesterday afternoon. that I saw him in the nstreet.

（4）含有“not until...”的強調句。

It was not until we came back from outside that he got out of his bed.

鞏固提高：

1.I _______thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.

A.wont B.cant C.can D.will

2.Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been________.

A.popular B.more popular

C.most popular D.the most popular

3.—Is everyone here？

—Not yet.Look， there________the rest of the guests！

A.come B.comes

C.is coming D.are coming

4.________he met with the difficulty did he realize the importance of our help.

A.Even though B.Never until

C.Only before D.Ever since

5.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic______ZhengHe sailed to East Africa.

A.when B. that C.after D.since

6.The police were seeking more information to find out_________ the rich merchant.

A.who was it that killed

B.who it was that killed

C.it was who killed

D.who was it killed

7.—Tom，how was your party lat night？

—It couldnt have been_________.I had a wonderful get-together with my old friends.

A.worst B.better C.worse D.best

8.Dont blame them any more—this is ________ because they are still young and lack experience.

A.simply B.eventually

C.generally D.exactly

9._______I can say is that the rain that came that day saved our farm，just like the actions of one little boy saved another.

A.Which B.Why C.That D.What

10.At no time_______he rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.

A.they actually broke

B.do they actually break

C.did they actually break

D.they had actually broken

11.According to some studies，EQ is ________ important，if not more important than IQ.

A.so B.very C.even D.as

12. It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago .

A.was B.are

C.were D.had been

13.Its always difficult being in a foreign country，________if you dont speak the language.

A.extremely B.naturally

C.basically D.especially

14. She said she would go and she ________ go.

A. didnt B. did C. really D. would

15.It was not until dark _______ he found _________ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.

A.that；what B.that；that

C.when；what D.when；that

16.—Why were you absent from the lecture yesterday ？

—If you ________ know，I visited a relative of mine in hospital.

A.may B.shall C.must D.might

17. Lily was 9 years old. _____was old enough to go to school________.

A.She，she B.She，herself

C.Her，herself D.Her.she

18.We _______ have received a special present from our parents in New Year.

A..every B. all C.both D. each

19.—How did you find your visit to the museum？

—I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was _______ than I had expected.

A.far more interesting

B.even much interesting

C.so more interesting

D.a lot much interesting

20.Johnny，you_______ play with the knife or you ______ hurt yourself.

A.wont；cant B.mustnt；may

C.shouldnt；must D.cant；should

答案與解析：

1.B。考查固定用法。Cant/never... too/enough連用，表示“再怎么樣也不為過；越怎么樣越好”。

2.B。比較級用于否定句，表示最高級含義。

3.A。Here/There等副詞放置于句首，并且主語非代詞，全部倒裝；不用進行時。

4.C。only放置于句首，修飾狀語以及狀語從句，句子要部分倒裝。

5.B。強調句型。

6.B。賓語從句為強調句型，who為從句引導詞，從句詞序為陳述句詞序。

7.B。比較級用于否定句，表示最高級含義。再考慮意思，故C不合適。

8.A。副詞修飾從句，表示強調。

9.D。What在從句里作成分，強調所說的內容。

10.C。部分倒裝。

11.D。形容詞前修飾詞。

12.A。強調句中，被強調部分為復數，但is/was不變化。

13.D。副詞修飾從句。

14.B。強調動詞。

15.A。復雜強調句式。第二空要填的詞是從句里的主語，故選what。

16.C。情態動詞must意思為“硬要，非要”。

17.B。反身代詞作同位語。

18.D。each作同位語。

19.A。much用在比較級前，加強語氣。

20.B。情態動詞mustnt意思“絕對不能”。

（作者單位：浙江省諸暨市環城北路8號私立諸暨高級中學）