王銳+熊汝琴



摘 要: 通過正交試驗研究天麻多糖的水提條件,并采用蒽酮-硫酸法對4種天麻變型(紅天麻、烏天麻、黃天麻、綠天麻)多糖含量進行測定。結果表明:水提最佳條件為浸提溫度80 ℃,浸提時間3 h,料水比1∶30;含量測定發現,在相同產地、不同天麻變型中的多糖含量不同,其中紅天麻的多糖含量顯著高于其他3種天麻變型,而在不同產地、同一天麻變型中,云南昭通紅天麻的多糖含量遠高于陜西寧強和湖北宜昌的紅天麻,這說明昭通紅天麻具有優良的內在品質。蒽酮-硫酸法為科學評價天麻質量提供了簡便快捷、穩定可行的方法,為昭通天麻資源的開發利用提供了試驗依據。
關鍵詞:天麻;4種變型; 多糖; 正交試驗;蒽酮-硫酸法
中圖分類號: S682.31 文獻標識碼: A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.02.003
Abstract: The paper studied the water extraction conditions of polysaccharide of Gastrodia elata Bl. by orthogonal experiment, and determination the content of polysaccharide in four forma of Gastrodia elata Bl. (G. elata Bl. f. elata Bl., G. elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow, G. elata Bl. f. flavida S. Chow, G. elata Bl. f. viridis Mak) by the method of anthrone-sulfuric. The results showed that the water extraction optimum conditions were extraction temperature 80 ℃, extraction time 3 h, and the ratio of material to water 1∶30. In the same region, the polysaccharide content in different forma of Gastrodia elata Bl. was different. Among them, the content of G. elata Bl. f. elata Bl. was significantly higher than the other three forma. In different regions, the same forma, the polysaccharide content of G. elata Bl. f. elata Bl. from Zhaotong, Yunnan was much higher than Ningqiang ,Shanxi and Yichang, Hubei. It showed that G. elata Bl. f. elata Bl. from Zhaotong had excellent internal quality. The method of anthrone-sulfuric provides a simple, quick, stable, viable method to scientific evaluation of the quality of Gastrodia elata Bl.,and also offers experimental basis for the development and utilization of Gastrodia elata Bl. from Zhaotong.
Key words: Gastrodia elata Bl.; four forma; polysaccharide; orthogonal experiment; the method of anthrone-sulfuric
天麻(Gastrodia elata Bl.)為蘭科(Orchidaceae)天麻屬(Gastrodia)多年生食菌植物,主產于云南、四川、貴州、陜西、湖北等地,其地下塊莖被歷代本草列為上品,在我國已有兩千多年的應用歷史,具有平肝息風止痙的功效,主治頭痛眩暈、肢體麻木、小兒驚風、癲癇抽搐、破傷風。國內外學者對天麻的化學成分及藥理作用已進行了較為系統的研究。其中天麻素(對羥甲基苯-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)是天麻的主要有效成分,其藥理作用與天麻的藥理作用呈正相關,所以多年來把它作為天麻質量優劣的評價標準[1-3]。近年,有研究發現天麻多糖具有清除自由基、降血壓、抗眩暈、免疫調節、抑菌和抑制腫瘤等多種作用[4-5]。植物多糖具有多種生物活性,且毒副作用小,安全性強,常被作為藥材質量的一個指標[6]。……