王芳+俞然+張斌+王明芳+張福慶



摘 要:為篩選出適合天津地區(qū)種植的釀酒葡萄品種,生產(chǎn)出具有市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的葡萄酒產(chǎn)品,以晚熟、抗病、豐產(chǎn)、土壤適應(yīng)性、酒質(zhì)作為選擇釀酒葡萄品種的主要依據(jù),對(duì)天津地區(qū)引進(jìn)的33個(gè)主要釀酒葡萄品種進(jìn)行了栽培特性和釀酒品質(zhì)方面的綜合觀測(cè)研究。結(jié)果表明,紅葡萄酒用品種(赤霞珠、品麗珠、蛇龍珠、梅鹿輒、寶石解百納、佳利釀)、白葡萄酒酒用品種(貴人香、玫瑰香、澤香)和白蘭地酒用品種(白玉霓)等10個(gè)品種為晚熟或極晚熟品種,在抗病性、抗寒性、土壤適應(yīng)性、豐產(chǎn)性、酒質(zhì)等方面綜合指標(biāo)較好,適宜在天津地區(qū)種植。
關(guān)鍵詞:天津地區(qū);生態(tài)條件;釀酒葡萄品種;栽培特性;葡萄酒品質(zhì)
中圖分類號(hào):S663.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.02.021
Abstract: To obtain high quality, high efficiency and market competitiveness of wine products, the observation and studies on the cultivation characteristics and wine quality of the 33 main grape varieties were carried out in Tianjin area, as the main basis for the selection of wine grape varieties on late maturity, disease resistance, yielding ability, soil adaptability, wine quality. The result showed that 10 late or extremely late grape varieties of red wine grape varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Gernischet, Merlot, Ruby Cabernet, Carignane), white wine grape varieties (Italian Riesling, Muscat Hamburg, Zexiang), brandy grape variety (Ugni Blanc) had a good performance at disease resistance, cold resistance, soil adaptability, yielding ability, wine quality and other aspects of comprehensive index. These selected grape varieties were suitable for planting in Tianjin area.
Key words: Tianjin region; ecological conditions; wine grape varieties; cultivation characteristics; wine quality
葡萄品種的正確選擇是獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)葡萄酒的前提。只有選擇適宜當(dāng)?shù)刈匀粭l件的優(yōu)良品種,加之正確的栽培管理,才能獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)葡萄酒原料。不同葡萄品種生長(zhǎng)所需的自然條件不盡一致,有的相差很大,如黑比諾、瓊瑤漿等早、中熟品種需要涼爽、干燥的自然條件,積溫不能過高,否則葡萄漿果成熟過快,糖酸比例不協(xié)調(diào),果實(shí)病害嚴(yán)重,所釀之酒粗糙、低劣;而赤霞珠、佳利釀、龍眼等品種則需要較高的積溫才能達(dá)到果實(shí)成熟。
我國(guó)釀酒葡萄的引種和社會(huì)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展密切相關(guān),1980年以前主要是前蘇聯(lián)、保加利亞、匈牙利等社會(huì)主義國(guó)家種植的葡萄品種,如白羽、白雅、季米亞特和紅玫瑰等以及我國(guó)自主選育的北醇、北玫、北紅等品種。……