歐美珍+齊珊娜+杜凱英+高振廷



摘 要:針對天津于橋水庫庫區生態移民搬遷后生計問題,項目組人員通過設計調查問卷,實地訪談和發放問卷了解移民生活現狀與亟待解決的問題,得到了庫區移民生計狀況的翔實數據,通過SPSS數據統計軟件對數據進行處理,結合德爾菲法和AHP決策分析法來測算移民生計資本值,其結果遠低于理想值。移民的人力資本(0.360)、自然資本(0.257)、社會資本(0.252)值較低,自身能力欠缺,可持續生計社會力量薄弱,移民養老、土地流轉補償政策落實緩慢等問題。提出加強人力資本建設,減少形式化培訓,加快落實土地流轉制度,多渠道擴展移民就業空間,有針對性地調整移民貸款體系等建議,以期為相關部門做出決策提供一定的參考意見。
關鍵詞:生態移民;天津薊縣;可持續生計;生計資本
中圖分類號:C922 文獻標識碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.02.015
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of the relocation of ecological migrants in the reservoir area of Tianjin Yuqiao, staff of this project got this statistics by designing and distributing questionnaires on the spot to know immigrants present living condition and what serious problems they need to solve. It turned out that the capital values of immigrants livelihood was far more lower than the ideal values after we analysed the statistics through SPSS statistical analysis software combined with Delphi method and AHP method. The result showed there were some problems:low value of human resource(0.360), nature resource(0.257) and social capital(0.252). The lack of capicity, the weakness of social strength of sustainable livelihood, the slow process of the implementation of pension policy and land transference compensation policy. We pointed out to strengthen the human capital construction, reduce the meaningless training, speed up the implementation of land transference policy, stretch the employment space with multi-channel, adjust the migration loan system to the point so as to provide some useful advices for relevant departments.
Key words: ecological emigration; Tianjin Jixian; sustainable livelihoods; livelihood capital
天津于橋水庫的建設在很大程度上解決了天津用水緊張的局面,但在這背后卻存在著三次大規模移民,薊縣140多個村莊十余萬農民因此而失去土地,搬出世代居住的家園,付出了慘痛的代價。水庫的修建淹沒大量的耕地,近年來為了保證于橋水庫供水質量,一大部分居民又將被迫遷出,要求其不能在于橋水庫附近種地,在水庫內禁止捕魚,這使移民的生活方式發生了質的變化,從務農直接“晉升”為“什么都不會的”市民。移民們進入一個完全陌生的環境,不但失去了原有的社會關系,更需面對無收入、花銷大的困境,移民生活狀況不容樂觀,移民的可持續生計亟須解決?!?br>