楊勝平
【關鍵詞】 特殊反意疑問句;用法;說明
【中圖分類號】 G633.41 【文獻標識碼】 C
【文章編號】 1004—0463(2017)03—0113—01
在英語中,反意疑問句(Question Tag)是附加在陳述句之后的一種問句形式。它是對所陳述的實事或觀點提出疑問的簡短問句,因而也叫附加問句。這種附加問句則是由“助動詞或情態動詞+主語”構成,附加問句與陳述句的主語相同;附加疑問句必須用簡略形式,句末一般使用升調。如果陳述句的謂語動詞是肯定式,則反意疑問句為否定式,反之亦然。但是,在使用過程中上述規則并不容易掌握。下面將不容易被掌握的、特殊的反意疑問句進行說明。
一、陳述句部分含有情態動詞must,表示“一定” “想必”等推測意思時,附加疑問句中的動詞與實際表達的時態相一致
1)You must be tired,arent you? (現在的情況推測)
2)It must have rained last night,didnt it? (過去的情況推測)
3)He must have been here for several years,hast he? (過去發生的事對現在造成的結果或影響)
但是,當must表示“必須”的意思時, 附加問句用must/mustnt 或neednt.
二、陳述句部分含有used to 時,附加疑問句用didnt
1)He used to live in China,usednt /didnt he ?
2)They used to swim in that river,usednt/didnt they?
但是,There be結構中含有used to時,附加問句要用wasnt或werent。
There used to be an old temple .wasnt there?
三、陳述句部分是表示“存在”的“there be”句型的反疑問句,其后的附加文句仍用引導詞there
1)There will be a meeting next week,wont there ?
2)There is a cat under the table,isnt there?
但是,以表示“地點”的“there be”句型中,則根據主語的性、數選擇相應的代詞形式作附加問句的主語。
There comes the bus,doesnt it?
四、陳述句部分主語是不定代詞everything,something,nothing,anything 等做主語時,附加問句中用it;陳述句部分主語everyone,someone ,anyone,nobody 等做主語語時,附加問句正式文體用he,非正式文體用they
1)Everything seems all right,doesnit?
2)Everyone is having a wonderful time,isnt he/arent they?
3)One should keep his words for over,shouldnt one?
五、陳述句部分含有否定詞或半否定詞little,few,seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,nowhere,nothing,no,none,neither,陳述句如果是作否定的,附加問句要用肯定形式
1)Few students can work out this maths problem,can they?
2)Mr. White seldom smiles ,does he?
3)You could hardly see Mary in the library ,could you?
但是,當陳述句中含有否定的前綴un-,dis-,in-,im-,il-,ir- 構成派生詞時,陳述句應看作肯定形式,附加問句用否定形式。
4)Mr. Black dislikes coffee,doesnt he ?
5)Those students seemed unable to catch what the teacher had said,didt they?
六、陳述句部分的主語是I,附加問句通常在現代英語中一般用arent I
1)I am your relative,arent I?
2)I am late,arent I?
七、陳述句部分含有表示“所有”含義的have時,附加問句既可用have形式,也可用do形式
1)You have two sisters,havent/dont you?
2)John hasnt a lot of money,has he?
但是,當have不表示“所有”含義時,應按一般行為動詞對待,附加問句用do的適當形式。
1)We have to solve the problem in time,dont we?
2)He had a rest,didnt he?
八、陳述句部分含有need 或dare時,由于這兩個詞既可以做情態動詞,又可以做實義動詞,故應區別看待
1) Jane neednt go there with us,need she?
2)The man doesnt need to carry that heavy case,dose she?
3)You dare touch the dead snake,darent you?
十、陳述句部分是肯定的祈使句,附加問句用will you 或wont you,一般情況下,表示“命令”“請求”時, 多用will you, 表示“邀請”時, 多用wont you;陳述句部分是否定形式的祈使句時,僅能用will you
1)Be quick,will you/wont you?
2)Dont look out of the window,will you?
但是,以lets…或lets not..開頭的祈使句的,則用法不同:lets...包括說話者本人,附加問句用shall we (而let us…不包括說話者本人。
3)Legs play basketball ,shall we?
4)Let us go to the zoo,will you?
5)Let us not swim now,ok/all right?
十一、陳述句部分是“ I wish…”時,附加問句用may I
1)I wish to go to the moon by spaceship one day,may I?
2)I wish you could have been with us then,may I?
十二、陳述句部分是并列句時,附加問句應與鄰近分句(即最后一個分句)保持一致
1 )Mike likes swimming,but Lida likes skiing,doesnt she?
2)Mr Smith was a teacher,and he taught us Maths three year ago,didnt he?
編輯:趙玉梅