洪道鑫+蘇錦松+文檢+張靜+張藝


[摘要]為了更好地了解藏藥狹葉紅景天的資源現狀,分析野生狹葉紅景天的適生生境,保護狹葉紅景天的野生資源,促進狹葉紅景天資源的可持續利用。該文采取走訪與野外樣方相結合的調查方法以及蘊藏量估算法對四川、青海、甘肅和云南4個省16個縣的狹葉紅景天野生資源進行了調查。結果發現,4個省的野生狹葉紅景天種群密集程度有很大的差別,很多地區野生資源蘊藏量逐漸下降。根據調查結果估算,4個省16個縣當前狹葉紅景天野生資源蘊藏量約1 100 t,目前四川省的野生狹葉紅景天資源量最大。同時,狹葉紅景天具有一定的生態價值,調查中發現在四川省阿壩藏族羌族自治州紅原縣建有防沙治沙狹葉紅景天基地。通過調查,為狹葉紅景天資源的開發及可持續利用提供了科學依據。
[關鍵詞]藏藥; 狹葉紅景天; 資源調查; 可持續利用
[Abstract]The investigation aims to better understand the resource status of Rhodiola kirilowii, analysis the suitable habitat of wild Rh. kirilowii and protect the wild resources of Rh. Kirilowii, promoting the sustainable utilization of Rh. kirilowii resources. In this paper, we investigated the wild resources of Rh. kirilowii in 16 counties of Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu and Yunnan by means of investigation and sampling investigation combined with interview. The results showed that the population densities of wild Rh. kirilowii in 4 provinces were very different and the reserve of wild resources decreased gradually in many areas. According to the survey results, the current total reserve of Rh. kirilowii in four provinces was about 1 100 t. The reserve of wild Rh. kirilowii in Sichuan province was the largest. Simultaneously, the Rh. kirilowii had a certain ecological value. We found that a sand control base with planting Rh. kirilowii was set up in Hongyuan County of Sichuan Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. The investigation provides a scientific basis for the development and sustainable utilization of Rh. kirilowii resources.
[Key words]Tibetan herbs; Rhodiola kirilowii; resource investigation; sustainable utilization
青藏高原大部分地處我國西南邊疆,幅員遼闊,包括西藏、青海、四川西部、甘肅東南部與云南西北部,其神奇的地理環境孕育了獨特的自然資源景天科植物[1]。景天科植物狹葉紅景天Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel) Maxim具有悠久的藥用歷史,是藏族傳統使用的藏藥[2]。主要分布于我國的西藏、青海、四川、甘肅、云南、新疆、陜西、山西、河北等地。生長于海拔2 000~5 600 m的山地多石草地上或石坡上[3]。《四部醫典》記載狹葉紅景天“肺脈熱平,除瘟疫”,《中華藏本草》記載狹葉紅景天“清熱解毒,消腫。主治瘟病、肺熱、中毒及四肢腫脹等癥”[45]。……