不同濃度及不同時間鎘脅迫對超富集植物孔雀草滲透調節物質的影響

摘要：為研究望謨縣石屯鎮油茶基地土壤質量，做出較為全面的土壤質量綜合評價。選取土壤有機質、全氮、全磷、堿解氮、速效磷、速效鉀作為有效養分的指標參考貴州第二次土壤普查分級標準，用土壤養分模糊綜合評價法評價，另選取7種重金屬（鎘、鉻、鉛、汞、砷、銅、鋅）作為污染指標結合單因子污染指數法（PI）、內梅羅綜合污染指數法進行評價。最后結合養分指標和污染指標利用SQI綜合指數法進行綜合評價。結果表明：土壤有機質、全氮、全磷含量較為豐富，堿解氮和速效磷含量較次。油茶基地土壤養分綜合指標平均值0.73，中等。重金屬含量中所有樣品都達到了 “清潔”等級；綜合污染指數為0.676，處于“清潔”水平。土壤綜合質量指數為0.776，屬于高等水平。當地應發展清潔農業，保證油茶產量，防治結合確保油茶質量安全。

關鍵詞：養分指標；重金屬；綜合評價；油茶

中圖分類號：X53

文獻標識碼：A

文章編號：1008-0457（2017）03-0037-07國際DOI編碼：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.03.007

Abstract：In order to study the soil quality of oil tea base in Shitun Town， Wangmo County， a comprehensive evaluation of soil quality was made. Soil organic matter， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， available nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium were used as indicators of effective nutrient reference according to the Second Provincial Survey for Soil Classification Standards. The soil quality was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of soil nutrient. Seven kinds of heavy metals （cadmium， chromium， lead， mercury， arsenic， copper and zinc） were evaluated as the pollution index combined with the single factor pollution index （PI） and the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method. Finally， the SQI comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the nutrient index and pollution index. The results showed that soil organic matter， total nitrogen and total phosphorus were abundant， and the contents of available N and available P were the next. The average soil nutrient comprehensive index in the oil tea base was 073， indicating medium level. Heavy metals in all samples have reached the “clean” level. Comprehensive pollution index was 0676， at the “clean” level. The soil comprehensive quality index was 0.776， which belongs to the high level. Local farmers should develop green agriculture to ensure oil tea yield， while， guarantee the quality safety of Camellia by the combination of control and treatment.

Key words：nutrition index； heavy metals；comprehensive evaluation； Camellia Oleifera

土壤是人類生產生活的基礎，是生物圈的重要組成部分[1]。土壤質量無法直接測量，但可通過某些重要影響因子反映其優劣。綜合評價模式已成為目前研究土壤質量的主流模式，如運用聚類分析、因子分析、主成分分析和模糊綜合評判等[2-3]。在環境質量、食品安全及社會可持續發展領域土壤的重金屬評價具有重大的現實意義[4-7]。目前主流的土壤綜合質量評價無法全面描述土壤的基本情況，在綜合評價中加入所需的單項質量評價能為研究區域提供更全面的科學技術支持。……