摘要:為明確溫度、濕度、光周期對蚜繭蜂復合防控煙蚜的影響,采用正交實驗設計,研究了溫度、濕度、光周期對煙蚜被寄生率、蟲口減退率的影響。結果表明,其影響程度依次為溫度>濕度>光周期。寄生率達到最大值的最佳組合為:T=22℃,RH=65%,L∶D=13h∶11h;蟲口減退率達到最大值的最佳組合為:T=31℃,RH=65%,L∶D=10h∶14h。溫度對寄生率、蟲口減退率有極顯著(Sig<001)的影響;濕度對蟲口減退率及寄生率均有顯著(Sig<005)影響;光周期對寄生率、蟲口減退率均無顯著影響。
關鍵詞:蚜繭蜂;寄生率;蟲口減退率
中圖分類號:S43572
文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1008-0457(2017)03-0078-04國際DOI編碼:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.03.014
Abstract:In order to determine the effect of environmental factors on the control of Myzus persicae(Sulzer) by aphid parasitic wasps,the influence of parasitism rate of Mpersicae and the population decline rate of aphid parasitic wasps by temperature,humidity and photoperiod was investigated by orthogonal experimental designThe results showed that the degree of influence was temperature>humidity>photoperiodThe best combination of the maximum rate of parasitization was T = 22℃,RH = 65%,L∶D = 13h∶11hThe best combination of the maximum rate of population decline is T = 31℃,RH = 65%,L∶D = 10h∶14hTemperature has extremely significant effect(Sig<001) on parasitism rate and decline rate;while photoperiod does not have significant effect on theseHumidity has significant effect(Sig<005) on the decline rate and parasitism rate
Key words:Aphid parasitic wasps;parasitism rate;decline rate
煙蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)是煙草的重要害蟲,不僅吸食煙株汁液和誘發煤煙病,且傳播多種煙草病毒[1,2]。煙蚜繭蜂Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead與菜蚜繭蜂Diaeretiella rapae M’Intosh屬膜翅目蚜繭蜂科,是專寄生蚜蟲的內寄生蜂,在自然界中對蚜蟲有較強的自然控制力[3]。戰玉等[4]在大棚內研究了煙蚜繭蜂和菜蚜繭蜂對煙蚜的復合防控效果,結果表明,復合防控優于單一防控。
多數寄生蜂對溫度變化比較敏感,溫度降低,寄生蜂的發育減緩[5]。環境濕度作為主要的生態因子直接影響昆蟲卵的發育及孵化,濕度過大會延緩卵和幼蟲的發育[6]。季香云等[7]研究了溫度和光周期對淡足側溝繭蜂Microplitis pallidipes Szepli ̄geti寄生率的影響,結果發現,溫度和光周期對斜紋夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)幼蟲被淡足側溝繭蜂寄生率有明顯的負交互效應。本文從溫度、濕度、光周期對煙蚜被煙蚜繭蜂和菜蚜繭蜂寄生率、蟲口減退率的影響進行研究,為明確室內煙蚜的防控方法提供相應的理論依據。……