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層狀地基與彈性薄板相互作用的邊界元解

2017-04-14 03:40:51艾智勇蔡建邦
湖南大學學報·自然科學版 2017年3期

艾智勇+蔡建邦

摘 要:將無限大薄板的基本解作為薄板邊界積分方程的核函數,對薄板的內部和邊界進行離散,并假定薄板內部和邊界上的節點與地基反力的分布情況,得到薄板的邊界元方程組;同時基于層狀地基的解析層元解,通過Guass-Legendre積分得到地基柔度矩陣;結合地基與薄板接觸面上的位移協調條件,得到層狀地基與薄板共同作用問題總的邊界元法方程組;求解該方程組,得到層狀地基與薄板共同作用問題的解答.基于本文理論,編制了相應的FORTRAN程序,通過與已有文獻結果對比驗證本文理論及程序的正確性,數值分析結果表明:方形基礎薄板情況下,離板中心越近,垂直于坐標軸y(x)方向、距離相等的2條線段的豎向位移差越小,且該位移差隨著板-土剛度比減小而減小;隨著板長寬比的增大,板中心點與長邊中點位移差變化不明顯,而短邊中心與邊界角點的位移差也有相類似的規律.

關鍵詞:邊界元;層狀地基;薄板;解析層元

中圖分類號:TU443 文獻標志碼:A

文章編號:1674-2974(2017)03-0120-06DOI:10.16339/j.cnki.hdxbzkb.2017.03.015

Abstract:The kernel functions of the boundary integral equations for thin plate were determined by the fundamental solutions for an infinite thin plate. By the discretization of the plate interior and boundary as well as the assumption of the distribution states of plate nodes and foundation reaction forces, the BEM equations of the plate can be established. Meanwhile, based on the analytical layer element solutions for layered foundations, the flexibility matrix of the foundation was obtained by a two-dimensioned Guass-Legendre quadrature. Taking into account the compatible conditions of the displacements at the soils-plate interface, the global BEM equations for the interaction problem between the layered foundation and the thin plate were then established. The solutions for the problem were further obtained by solving the global BEM equations. The accuracy of the present method was verified by comparing existing solutions with the numerical results obtained from the corresponding FORTRAN program in this study. It is observed from numerical examples that when a square thin plate is placed on a foundation, the settlement difference between the two lines perpendicular to y or x coordinate decreases as they approach the center of the plate, and the difference decreases with the decrease of the plate-soil stiffness ratio. Furthermore, the settlement discrepancy between the plate center and the midpoint of the long side is unapparent with the increasing length-width ratio, and the similar variation trend can be found between the midpoint of the wide side and angular point.

Key words:boundary element; layered soils; thin plates; analytical layer element

筏板基礎具有剛度大、整體性好、能較好地抵抗不均勻沉降的優點,因此在高層建筑中得到了廣泛的應用.目前,地基與板相互作用分析的方法主要有:有限差分法[1]、有限單元法[2-4]、邊界單元法[5]、邊界單元有限單元耦合法[6]、廣義微分求積法[7]、半解析數值方法[8-10],以及有限網格法[11]等.相比于有限元、有限層等方法,邊界單元法能將求解過程的維數降低一維,并具有計算時間短、精度高等優點.因此,很多學者運用邊界元法來研究筏板與地基的相互作用問題.佘穎禾和朱萬寧[12]將地基效應歸并到地基板的彎曲微分方程內,得到了含有第三類復變量的Bessel函數的基本解,再根據該問題的邊界積分方程,建立了Winkler和雙參數地基上薄板的無奇異邊界單元法.王建國和黃茂光[13]提出了雙參數地基上薄板問題的邊界單元解法.鄧安福等[14]采用邊界單元法研究了雙參數地基上的厚板問題.Rashed等[15]通過邊界元法研究了Winkler地基上的厚板問題.閆富有等[16]基于Reissner 板的邊界積分方程,建立了有限壓縮層地基上厚筏基礎與地基相互作用分析的邊界元法.

由以上研究可知,目前板土相互作用的邊界單元法研究所采用的地基模型大多是Winkler和雙參數地基模型.Winkler地基模型將地基對板的作用看做是一系列相互獨立的彈簧,忽略了彈簧之間的剪切作用,因此只適用于很軟弱的地基土.雙參數地基模型雖然在獨立彈簧之間引入力學的相互作用以消除其不連續性,但其參數較難獲取,因而限制了它的工程應用.天然地基由于沉積而常常呈層狀分布,因此采用層狀地基模型更加符合工程實際.而層狀地基上板的邊界元研究還很少見諸報道.為此本文對層狀地基與彈性薄板的共同作用問題進行邊界元分析,以便精確、高效地求解基礎板問題.

4 結 論

本文基于更加符合工程實際的層狀地基模型,采用邊界單元法來求解地基與彈性薄板的共同作用問題,并通過與已有文獻結果對比,驗證了本文理論與計算程序的正確性.數值分析結果表明:

1)方形基礎薄板情況下,離板中心越近,垂直于y(x)方向、距離相等的2條線段的豎向位移差越小,且其隨板土剛度比減小而減小.

2)隨著長寬比的增大,短邊中點與長邊中點的撓度差也增大;但板中心點與長邊中點位移差變化不明顯,且短邊中心與邊界角點位移差也有相類似的規律.

相比于有限元、有限層等方法,邊界單元法能將求解過程的維數降低一維,并具有計算時間短、精度高等優點.另外,基于層狀地基的動力解析層元解[19]及達朗貝爾原理[9],還可進一步將本文工作拓展,用以分析層狀地基上彈性薄板的動力響應.

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