方 波,張 穎,馬 虹
(中國醫科大學附屬第一醫院麻醉科,遼寧 沈陽 110001)
miR-122a 對大鼠脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后血-脊髓屏障的影響
方 波,張 穎,馬 虹
(中國醫科大學附屬第一醫院麻醉科,遼寧 沈陽 110001)
目的 探討miR-122a對脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后血-脊髓屏障的影響。方法 SD大鼠36只,隨機分為3組:假手術組(S組)、對照組(C組)、miR-122a反義寡核苷酸(miR-122a antagomir)組(M組)。S組開胸游離主動脈弓,但不阻斷;C組和M組開胸阻斷主動脈弓14 min造成脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷。M組和C組脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后,鞘內注射miR-122a antagomir或空白對照,每日1次,共3次。Real-time PCR測定損傷節段脊髓組織的miR-122a表達,Western blot測定脊髓組織中緊密連接蛋白occludin表達,伊文思藍測定血-脊髓屏障通透性,Basso Beattie Bresnahan評分法評價神經運動功能。結果 與S組比較,C組miR-122a表達增加,occludin表達減少,血-脊髓屏障通透性增加,神經運動功能評分降低(P<0.05)。與C組比較,M組miR-122a表達降低,occludin表達增加,血-脊髓屏障通透性降低,神經運動功能評分增加(P<0.05)。結論 miR-122a參與調控脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后occludin表達,影響血-脊髓屏障通透性。
缺血/再灌注損傷;脊髓;血-脊髓屏障;miR-122a;緊密連接蛋白;occludin
脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷是胸腹主動脈瘤手術最嚴重的并發癥,是急需攻克的難題。血-脊髓屏障破壞是脊髓損傷的重要繼發病理改變,而且進一步加重脊髓損傷[1]。MicroRNA在轉錄后水平調控基因表達,是目前研究基因治療和尋找藥物靶點的重要工具。最近研究證實,miR-122a介導緊密連接蛋白occludin 的mRNA降解增加腸道通透性[2-3]。有關miR-122a在脊髓損傷中的作用及可能的機制目前尚不清楚。本研究擬探討miR-122a對脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后血-脊髓屏障的影響及其相關機制。
1.1 動物選擇與分組 SD大鼠36只,由中國醫科大學實驗動物中心提供,體質量200~250 g。采用隨機數字表法,隨機分為3組(n=12):假手術組(S組)、對照組(C組)、miR-122a反義寡核苷酸(miR-122a antagomir)組(M組)。S組開胸游離主動脈弓,但不阻斷;C組和M組開胸阻斷主動脈弓14 min造成脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷。M組和C組在脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后30 min鞘內注射20 μL miR-122a antagomir(20 μmol·L-1,廣州銳博公司),每日注射1次,共3次。C組脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后鞘內注射等量miR-122a antagomir空白對照。實驗室光照時間6 ∶00~18 ∶00,溫度控制在18℃~22℃,造模后分籠飼養,保證充足的水和食物。
1.2 脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷模型的建立 大鼠腹腔注射戊巴比妥鈉(40 mg·kg-1)麻醉,經氣管切開處行氣管內插管機械通氣。直腸內置入溫度傳感器,持續監測體溫,應用電熱毯維持核心溫度(37.5±0.5) ℃。脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷模型參照文獻[4]制備。左頸總動脈置管測量近端動脈血壓,尾動脈置管測量遠端血壓。擺右側臥位,于左前肢和肩胛下角間行橫切口,逐層分離暴露肋骨,于第2、3肋之間暴露胸腔,分離并顯露主動脈弓。皮下注射肝素(200 IU·kg-1),于左頸總動脈和左鎖骨下動脈之間夾閉主動脈,阻斷14 min后開放動脈夾,造成脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷。關胸,逐層縫合。術后將動物放置28℃的保溫箱內,等待動物蘇醒后回籠飼養。
1.3 Real-time PCR 脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后72 h,取新鮮缺血節段脊髓組織,根據TRIzol操作說明,提取細胞總RNA。提取的總RNA定量后,對于蛋白編碼基因使用Oligo(dT)作為逆轉錄引物,對于miRNA使用miRNA特異的逆轉錄引物,使用反轉錄試劑盒合成cDNA第一鏈。使用適量的cDNA作為PCR模板,MX3000P Real-time PCR 擴增儀進行PCR 反應,SYBR染料實時檢測擴增產物的量,以GAPDH為內參分析蛋白編碼基因表達情況,以U6 為內參分析miRNA的表達情況。所使用引物序列如下:U6 上游引物5′-CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACA-3′,U6下游引物5′-AACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT-3′;GAPDH上游引物5′-TCAACGACCACTTTGTCAAGCTCA-3′,GAPDH下游引物5′-GCTGGTGGTCCAGGGGTCTTACT-3′。
1.4 Western blot 脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后72 h,取新鮮缺血節段脊髓組織,迅速液氮冷凍保存。標本取齊后,剪碎,加組織裂解液,冰上勻漿,4℃離心15 min,取其上清液,BCA法蛋白定量,經電泳、轉膜、醋酸纖維素膜包被后,加入兔抗大鼠occludin一抗(1 ∶500,Invitrogen公司),4℃孵育過夜,加入HRP標記的羊抗兔 IgG二抗,室溫孵育2 h,TBST沖洗,化學發光,凝膠成像系統拍攝。采用Image-Pro Plus 6.0圖像分析軟件對其進行半定量分析。
1.5 血-脊髓屏障通透性測定 脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后72 h,經鼠尾靜脈緩慢注射2% 伊文思藍10 mL·kg-1,1 h后麻醉,經左心室灌注生理鹽水500 mL·kg-1,取出脊髓缺血節段(L4-6),迅速放入40 g·L-1多聚甲醛中,24 h后依次置于150、200、300 g·L-1的蔗糖中沉糖,沉糖完畢后包埋,冰凍切片,置于熒光顯微鏡綠色激光下觀察。依照熒光光斑的大小、疏密、強弱來評價脊髓組織中伊文思藍外滲量。
1.6 大鼠神經運動功能評價 采用Basso Beattie Bresnahan(BBB)評分標準對大鼠下肢運動神經功能進行評價。

2.1 Real-time PCR檢測脊髓組織中miR-122a表達 與S組(1.00±0.07)相比,C組miR-122a表達(3.78±0.46)增高(P<0.05);與C組相比,M組miR-122a表達(1.74±0.27)降低(P<0.05),Fig 1。

Fig 1 miR-122a expression at 72 h after spinal
S:Sham; C: control; M:miR-122a antagomir.*P<0.05vsS group;#P<0.05vsC group
2.2 Western blot 檢測脊髓組織中occludin表達 與S組(1.00±0.06)相比,C組occludin表達(0.28±0.04)降低(P<0.05);與C組相比,M組occludin表達(0.55±0.06)增加(P<0.05),Fig 2。

Fig 2 Occludin expression at 72 h after spinal
S:Sham; C: control; M:miR-122a antagomir.*P<0.05vsS group;#P<0.05vsC group
2.3 血-脊髓屏障通透性 脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后,血-脊髓屏障破壞,通透性增加,與S組(1.00±0.08)相比,C組伊文思藍外滲量(6.12±0.73)增加(P<0.05);與C組相比,M組伊文思藍外滲量(3.24±0.38)減少(P<0.05),Fig 3。

Fig 3 Permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier at
A:Evans blue extravasation fluorescence;B:Quantitative analysis of evans blue extravasation.S:Sham; C: control; M:miR-122a antagomir.*P<0.05vsS group;#P<0.05vsC group
2.4 大鼠神經運動功能 與S組(21.0±0.0)比較,C組BBB評分(7.2±1.1)降低(P<0.05);與 C組比較,M組BBB評分(13.7±2.8)增高(P<0.05),Fig 4。


S:Sham; C: control; M:miR-122a antagomir.*P<0.05vsS group;#P<0.05vsC group
脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷是胸腹主動脈瘤手術最嚴重的并發癥之一,可引起脊髓功能障礙,甚至截癱。血-脊髓屏障與血-腦屏障相似,是一個復雜的細胞系統,調節脊髓液體微環境在較小的范圍內波動,對維持中樞神經系統的內環境穩定起著非常重要的作用[5]。脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后,血-脊髓屏障完整性破壞,通透性增加,造成脊髓組織水腫、炎癥以及神經元凋亡,進一步加重脊髓損傷[6-9]。緊密連接是血-脊髓屏障的結構和功能基礎,occludin是第一個被分離出的組成緊密連接的完整膜蛋白,主要參與微血管內皮細胞間緊密連接的形成。研究發現,脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后occludin表達減少,導致血-脊髓屏障通透性增加[10],但其機制尚不完全明確。
MicroRNA屬于調控RNA家族一員。當非編碼小RNA與靶mRNA完全或不完全配對時,可引起mRNA降解,或發生在mRNA水平上誘導特異性序列基因表達部分或完全抑制的過程[11]。miR-122a作為肝臟特異性高表達的microRNA,對其研究多集中在肝癌的發生發展中[12-13]。最近研究表明,miR-122a也負向調控緊密連接蛋白occludin的表達[2,3,14],參與內皮細胞通透性調節,影響病理生理功能。
本研究發現,脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷后miR-122a表達上調,同時伴隨occludin表達減少,血-脊髓屏障破壞。反義寡核苷酸在miRNA 功能研究中是沉默miRNA的最常用,且行之有效的方法[15]。本研究鞘內注射miR-122a antagomir抑制了miR-122a表達,而且增加occludin表達,減輕血-脊髓屏障破壞,改善大鼠神經運動功能。
綜上所述,miR-122a在脊髓缺血/再灌注損傷中通過調控血-脊髓屏障緊密連接蛋白occludin,進而發揮重要的作用。將其作為靶點,將為預防和治療脊髓損傷提供新思路。
(致謝:本實驗在中國醫科大學附屬第一醫院實驗中心、麻醉科實驗室完成,在此特對以上實驗室和實驗過程中給予指導和幫助的老師表示感謝!)
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Effects of miR-122a on blood-spinal cord barrier after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
FANG Bo,ZHANG Ying,MA Hong
(DeptofAnesthesiology,theFirstHospitalofChinaMedicalUniversity,Shenyang110001,China)
Aim To investigate the effects of miR-122a on blood-spinal cord barrier after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:group of sham(S group), group of control(C group) and group of miR-122a antagomir(M group). Rats in S group were subjected to exposure of aorta arch but without occlusion. Spinal ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by clamping the aorta arch for 14 min in C group and M group. Rats in M group and C group were intrathecally injected with miR-122a antagomir or antagomir control daily for three times after injury. The miR-122a expression in injured spinal cord tissue was detected by real-time PCR. The occludin expression in injured spinal cord tissue was detected by Western blot. The permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier was examined using evans blue as a vascular tracer. The neurological motor function was evaluated by Basso Beattie Bresnahan score.Results Compared with S group, the expression of miR-122a was increased, the expression of occludin was decreased, the permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier was increased, and neurological motor function score was decreased significantly in C group(P<0.05). Compared with C group, the expression of miR-122a was decreased, the expression of occludin was increased, the permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier was decreased, and neurological motor function score was increased significantly in M group(P<0.05).Conclusion miR-122a can regulate the expression of occludin and change the permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier.
ischemia-reperfusion injury;spinal cord;blood-spinal cord barrier;miR-122a;tight junction protein;occludin
2016-12-19,
2017-01-25
遼寧省博士科研啟動基金項目( No 20141035); 國家自然科學基金資助項目(No 81401000)
方 波(1979-),男,博士,副教授,碩士生導師,研究方向:圍術期中樞神經系統保護,通訊作者,Tel:024-83283100,E-mail:drunk0630@126.com
時間:2017-4-24 11:20
http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/34.1086.R.20170424.1120.044.html
10.3969/j.issn.1001-1978.2017.05.022
A
1001-1978(2017)05-0703-04
R-332;R322.81;R341;R342.4;R619.9