“現在分詞作狀語”精講精練

任杰

錦州市教師進修學院

【摘要】本文重點研究動詞的-ing形式做狀語，即現在分詞做狀語的高考熱點問題。通過精講精練，使學生夯實基礎，熟練掌握，靈活運用。

【關鍵詞】現在分詞 狀語 考點

【熱身訓練】

閱讀下列各句，在空白處填入括號內單詞的適當形式。

1. Four people entered the room _______（look）around in a curious way.

2. ________（Listen）to English every day，youll learn it well step by step.

3. _______（Live）miles away，he attended the course.

4. ________（Judge）from his accent，he must be a native Beijing.

5. Not _______（know）her address，I cant write to her.

6. When _______（hear）the news，he got frightened.

7. There is mud and water everywhere，_______（make）it difficult to travel from place to place.

8. _______（Work）so hard，he failed again.

9. _______（Take）the path that leads out of the town，you will come to a lake

10. Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus ________（cause）the delay

11. _______（Hear）their teachers voice，the pupils stopped talking at once

12._______（Be）a teacher，you should help your students in every way.

13. （2015，福建）In recent years an English word “infosphere ” has appeared，___________________（combine） “information” and “atmosphere”.）

14. （2015，湖南）When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，_______（wonder）whether to stay or leave.

15. （2015，重慶）Iike ancient sailors，birds can find their way_______（use）the sun and the stars.

現在分詞作狀語小結

考點一：考查現在分詞作時間狀語

1.分詞動作一經發生，謂語動作緊隨發生，這時用現在分詞的一般式作時間狀語，其邏輯主語為句中的主語。常用的動詞，如：hear，see，arrive，return，get to，look，open，close，leave，turn around，walk等，表示一個極短暫動作。這種情況可以用on+動名詞表示相同的意思。譯作“一（剛）……就……”；也可以用when引導的時間狀語從句表達，該從句的動詞多用一般過去時。如：

Hearing their teachers voice，the pupils stopped talking at once.（= On hearing their teachers voice… = When they heard their teachers voice，the pupils…）一聽到教師的聲音，學生們立即停止講話。

2.謂語動作發生在分詞所表示的動作過程之中，則用when/while+現在分詞的一般式，分詞的邏輯主語為句中的主語。此種情況可以用in+動名詞的一般式代替。也可以使用when、while引導的時間狀語從句，該從句的謂語動詞用進行時態。如：

Dont be careless when /while having an exam. = Dont be careless in having an exam. = Dont be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考試時不要粗心。

【溫馨提示】此結構中，不能用其他連接詞替換when或while。

3.分詞所表示的動作完成之后，謂語動作才發生，則要現在分詞的完成式，即having done的形式。分詞的邏輯主語應是句中的主語?？梢杂胊fter+動名詞的一般式表示。也可以用after /when引導的時間狀語從句來替換，該從句的謂語動詞用過去完成式。如：

Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV play.

After having finished his homework，the boy was allowed to watch TV play.

After/when he had finished his homework，the boy was allowed to watch TV play.

考點二：考查現在分詞作原因狀語

1.分詞短語在句中作原因狀語時，相當于一個原因狀語從句。與時間狀語一樣，也要注意分詞所表示的動作與謂語動作的先后關系。