烏蘭縣置廢與轄境申說

內容摘要：位于絲綢之路北線中段、今甘肅省白銀市境內的烏蘭縣，旋置旋廢。始設于周武帝保定三年（562），可能廢于建德六年（572）；唐武德九年（623）重置；建中四年（783），烏蘭縣境劃歸吐蕃。唐烏蘭縣所轄三鄉，西境以白鹿烽（今景泰縣上沙沃鎮白墩子）為界。一鄉，所轄范圍即縣城所在地及其附近，包括今景泰縣五佛鄉沿河一帶，還可能包括河對岸的靖遠縣發裕堡及北城灘；一鄉，為唐代新泉流域，靠泉水耕作的新泉綠洲（即媼圍河谷綠洲區），主要為今景泰縣蘆陽鎮轄境，包括吊溝古城一帶；一鄉，應即今景泰縣上沙沃鎮以東白墩子、大圪垯、天澇壩梁等鹽澤周邊地區。

關鍵詞：絲路北道；烏蘭縣；白鹿烽；北城灘；新泉

中圖分類號：K878.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1000-4106（2017）02-0101-07

Abstract： Wulan County， which was located on the middle section of the northern route of the Silk Road within todays Baiyin City in Gansu Province， and which was established and abolished several times， can be associated with the historical changes at that time to the benefit of academic research. It was first established in the third year of the Baoding er（562）during the Northern Zhou and may have been abolished in the sixth year of the Jiande era（572）. It was reestablished in the ninth year of the Wude era during the Tang dynasty and later came under Tibetan control in the fourth year of the Jianzhong era（783）. In the Tang dynasty， Wulan County bounded the“Bailu Beacon”on the west and had three seats of jurisdiction spread over three townships： one in charge of the city seat and the nearby area， mainly including the riverside area in todays Jingtai and Jingyuan； one in charge of the New Spring Oasis area irrigated by the New Spring in the Tang dynasty（todays Yunwei River oasis）， located in the modern town of Luyang in Jingtai； the third covered the salt marsh area to the east of Shawo town in todays Jingtai.

Keywords： northern route of the Silk Road； Wulan County； Bailu Beacon； Beichengtan； Xinquan

有關古代會州、會寧縣、烏蘭縣的研究，學者著墨多矣。近年來關于烏蘭縣址位于今靖遠縣雙龍鄉北城灘對岸景泰縣境的觀點，逐漸得到了學者的認可[1-5]。筆者已撰文《烏蘭縣址及相關問題新探》，就烏蘭縣、烏蘭橋、烏蘭關相關問題進行了探討{1}，但烏蘭縣置廢的時間及背景如何，唐烏蘭縣三鄉轄境、范圍等，仍需要進一步探討。

一 烏蘭縣置廢

烏蘭縣，最早設置在北周時期。《舊唐書·地理志》載：

烏蘭，后周縣置，在會寧關東南四里。天授二年，移于關東北七里。[6]

《元和郡縣圖志》卷4載：

烏蘭縣（上，東南至州一百四十里）本漢祖厲縣地，屬安定郡，后漢屬武威郡，前涼張軌收其縣人于涼州故武威縣側近別置祖厲縣。周武帝西巡于此置烏蘭關，又置縣，在會寧關東南四里。……