天臺(tái)和合小鎮(zhèn)：綠水青山一根藤

米奧

幾乎每個(gè)天臺(tái)人，都懂得“和合”二字的涵義。千余年來(lái)，和合文化已經(jīng)深深融入天臺(tái)的社會(huì)生活當(dāng)中。它源于天臺(tái)，而廣泛傳向全國(guó)。

如今，一個(gè)講述中國(guó)和合文化故事的天臺(tái)和合小鎮(zhèn)，在綠水青山間鋪設(shè)開來(lái)。

和合文化的來(lái)源

說(shuō)起和合文化，繞不開傳說(shuō)中的和合二仙。兩位短發(fā)齊眉、憨態(tài)可掬的少年，一人手捧禮盒，一人肩扛荷花，溫馨祥和、親密無(wú)間。天臺(tái)人對(duì)這幅景象最熟識(shí)不過(guò)了，這二人便是和合二仙的原型——寒山、拾得。

唐朝時(shí)期，天臺(tái)山出現(xiàn)了兩位方外傳奇人物——寒山、拾得，佛教稱他們?yōu)椤昂秃戏稹保澜谭Q他們?yōu)椤昂秃隙伞保褰谭钏麄優(yōu)椤昂秃隙ァ薄７Q謂雖不同，卻同樣飽含“貴和尚中、善解能容，厚德載物、和而不同”的寓意。

民間傳說(shuō)，國(guó)清寺舉行法會(huì)，越州汪老太太和女兒芙蓉赴會(huì)。老太太因旅途勞累倒在寺中，寒山、拾得為其治病。雖因病情太重不久于人世，但為感謝兩位，老太太立下遺囑，將女兒許配給兩人中的任何一人。

處理完老太太后事，寒拾兩人互相推讓。寒山悄然出走。拾得也放棄婚姻，出外尋訪摯友。最后，在蘇州寒山寺，拾得找到了寒山。兄弟相見，寒山和拾得分別以盛著素齋的竹盒和紅艷的荷花相贈(zèng)，并一起住在了古寺內(nèi)。后來(lái)，人們稱拾得為“和（荷）仙”，寒山為“合（盒）仙”。

和合二仙，寄托了百姓對(duì)和樂(lè)美滿生活的向往，體現(xiàn)了人們對(duì)“朋友和合”、“夫妻和合”的寄寓。如今，和合二仙與豐干一起，被供奉在國(guó)清寺的三賢殿內(nèi)。在天臺(tái)，兩位神仙亦常見于婚嫁喜慶場(chǎng)合的中堂，被稱為喜慶之神。

除傳說(shuō)外，天臺(tái)和合文化還有另一說(shuō)法。早在漢代，儒學(xué)大家高察、顧歡等人在天臺(tái)設(shè)館課徒，帶來(lái)了儒家的“和合”理念。漢武帝時(shí)期，閩越發(fā)動(dòng)對(duì)甌越的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，天臺(tái)一度成為“虛地”。自東晉至南宋，天臺(tái)曾有三次移民大潮，移民們來(lái)自不同地方，不同家庭姓氏的人群聚居于此，為了避免引發(fā)一些矛盾和摩擦，更加懂得“和合”的重要與可貴。此后，和合文化貫穿天臺(tái)生活百態(tài)。

如今，為將和合文化流芳百世，天臺(tái)打造了以非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)和養(yǎng)生文化傳統(tǒng)為特色的和合小鎮(zhèn)。和合文化，便是和合小鎮(zhèn)的靈魂。

一根藤的堅(jiān)守

徜徉在天臺(tái)古民居中，總會(huì)看見由藤條演化而成的木窗花裝飾，委婉多姿，呈現(xiàn)的都是圓滿、吉祥的意蘊(yùn)。它們，被稱為“一根藤”。

用手順著藤慢慢摸去，無(wú)論起點(diǎn)從何處開始，手指終會(huì)繞回原點(diǎn)，這便是一根藤。一根藤與和合文化天然契合，演繹出一段傳奇的故事。

一根藤是臺(tái)州市級(jí)“非遺”項(xiàng)目。大到祠堂廟宇、富裕人家的門窗、屏風(fēng)，小到尋常人家的凳子、鏡框，隨處可見。綿延不斷的藤蔓，寓意常青不老。吉祥圖騰，寄托著民間對(duì)美好生活的期盼。

沈中明，原本經(jīng)營(yíng)一家汽車內(nèi)飾品生產(chǎn)公司，擁有天臺(tái)山風(fēng)景區(qū)的30多畝地、5幢廠房。七八年前，由于城市規(guī)劃的需要，老廠房面臨廢棄。因?yàn)椴簧崂蠌S房化作灰燼，熱愛文化的沈中明決定將這里改建成文化園。恰逢兒子沈盛鋼從英國(guó)留學(xué)歸來(lái)，父子二人達(dá)成默契，踏上了收集一根藤的尋訪之路。

然而，因制作工藝復(fù)雜，工時(shí)長(zhǎng)，目前保留完好的一根藤不常見，尋訪之旅注定艱辛。這些年，父子二人的足跡像極了山間攀援游走的藤，用腳步丈量天臺(tái)的大小村莊，也曾漂洋過(guò)海，終于收錄大大小小200余件一根藤。

沈盛鋼的工作室，就坐落在“和合人間”文化園中，位于小鎮(zhèn)的中心區(qū)。走進(jìn)去，只見六七位匠人神情專注地端坐在工作臺(tái)前，鑿孔、鋸圓。他們是天臺(tái)僅有的一根藤匠人，因執(zhí)著于文化傳承在此相聚。

制作一根藤，需經(jīng)過(guò)打樣、取材、刨條、鑿孔等20多道工序，其中最難的是榫頭的銜接，彎曲度大的回彎需要五六個(gè)榫頭。匠人要有扎實(shí)的基本功，還得有藝術(shù)家的素養(yǎng)，根據(jù)不同的條件和要求進(jìn)行獨(dú)家設(shè)計(jì)。

老匠人最擔(dān)心的是一根藤手藝即將失傳。如今，現(xiàn)代組合家具興起，使得費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力成本又高的一根藤日漸式微，匠人們紛紛轉(zhuǎn)行。老匠人希望借著和合小鎮(zhèn)的建成，復(fù)興這一傳統(tǒng)工藝。目前，文化園中已有一些年輕人在學(xué)習(xí)一根藤技藝。

一根藤圓滿、吉祥的寓意，與和合文化十分契合。和合文化，體現(xiàn)在一根藤滄桑的紋理中。而不僅是一根藤，待小鎮(zhèn)建成后，天臺(tái)近200個(gè)“非遺”項(xiàng)目，將在此迎來(lái)傳承的新機(jī)遇。

小鎮(zhèn)的遠(yuǎn)方

驅(qū)車駛往縣城北郊天臺(tái)山，便是和合小鎮(zhèn)。

小鎮(zhèn)處于“低丘淺谷”的景勝之間，四周山體巍峨，植被郁郁蔥蔥。一條名為“赭溪”的清澈小溪貫穿流過(guò)，為小鎮(zhèn)增添了一抹靈動(dòng)的氣息。

便利的交通，為和合小鎮(zhèn)引來(lái)了源源不斷的車流和人氣。有風(fēng)塵仆仆趕來(lái)的香客，有愛好和合文化的學(xué)者，也有前來(lái)一睹天臺(tái)山秀麗風(fēng)光的游人。

在小鎮(zhèn)，和合文化彰顯于布局中。自東向西，由“靜謐”向“動(dòng)感”過(guò)渡，是和合文化中“出世”與“入世”的隱喻表達(dá)。和合文化中心區(qū)便是小鎮(zhèn)的客廳，既可以看到中華佛教城、“和合人間”文化園、天臺(tái)縣博物館，了解博大精深的天臺(tái)山文化，也可信步至附近的旅游特色村，體會(huì)鄉(xiāng)土民情。疲乏時(shí)，還可到天臺(tái)山溫泉度假山莊去泡一個(gè)舒服的溫泉。

西面，集散中心已初具規(guī)模。新中式風(fēng)格的建筑鱗次櫛比，錯(cuò)落有序。而拆遷的東升村、赤義村的安置房建設(shè)正在展開，這無(wú)疑讓周邊的百姓有了發(fā)展民宿的機(jī)遇。

集散中心周邊，天臺(tái)計(jì)劃依托黃眉奧、西牧場(chǎng)、大灣三個(gè)水庫(kù)，以及周邊山體，布置四處生態(tài)休閑游憩區(qū)。同時(shí)，通過(guò)區(qū)域內(nèi)居民原址進(jìn)行整改，將出現(xiàn)松門、墻頭曹兩個(gè)旅游特色村。越來(lái)越多的村民將搭上旅游發(fā)展的快車。

這兩年，借著打造和合小鎮(zhèn)的背景，失傳已久的天臺(tái)“非遺”項(xiàng)目一根藤，經(jīng)過(guò)沈氏父子的收集與傳承，正在逐步走上產(chǎn)業(yè)化的發(fā)展道路。沈氏父子除了致力于構(gòu)建一根藤展示館以及茶之路體驗(yàn)館等，由一根藤的藝術(shù)元素衍生開來(lái)的手機(jī)掛件、家居裝飾等的生產(chǎn)，也在緊密籌謀之中。

2016年2月，和合小鎮(zhèn)被列入浙江省第二批特色小鎮(zhèn)創(chuàng)建單位。目前，小鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)的山莊、酒店和博物館等多個(gè)項(xiàng)目已建成開放，今后將有更多項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)，比如通用機(jī)場(chǎng)將入駐小鎮(zhèn)，臺(tái)州首家航空體驗(yàn)中心落戶于此。

以山水神秀的和合小鎮(zhèn)為契機(jī)，天臺(tái)添上了濃墨重彩的一筆。

（本文照片由作者提供）

‘Harmony Town in Tiantai

By Mi Ao

The profound connotations of ‘和 （meaning harmony， pronounced roughly like “her” in English） in the Chinese language are not easy to grasp， but almost everyone in Tiantai， one of the ‘holy lands of Chinese Buddhism and the unique Chinese ‘harmony culture， knows its unfathomably deep cultural and philosophical meanings. In Tiantai， a county in Zhejiang， the ‘harmony philosophy is infused into peoples everyday life and is crystallized in a newly developed town nestling at the foot of the Tiantai Mountain in the countys scenic western outskirts.

Legend has it that the founders of Chinas ‘harmony culture are two celestial beings living in the Tiantai Mountain in the Tang Dynasty （618-907） and are revered by the locals as Hanshan and Shide. However， opinions about the origin of the ‘harmony culture of Tiantai vary.

In fact， the name ‘Tiantai is derived from the fact that Zhiyi， the fourth patriarch， lived on todays Tiantai Mountain. Zhiyi is also regarded as the first major figure to make a significant break from the Indian tradition， to form an indigenous Chinese system. Tiantai is sometimes also called “The Lotus School”， after the central role of the Lotus Sutra in its teachings. During the Tang dynasty， the Tiantai school became one of the leading schools of Chinese Buddhism， with numerous large temples supported by emperors and wealthy patrons， with many thousands of monks and millions of followers.

It is also believed by some experts that the culture is originated in the times of Confucianism master Gao Cha and Gu Huan who lived in the Han period （202BC-220AD） of China. From the start of the warring years in the Han Dynasty all the way down to Jin and Southern Song years， Tiantai became a ‘refugee camp. People from all over the country moved in just to survive the warring chaos. There are good reasons to believe that ‘harmony has since been cherished by these immigrants and grew to be the core value of the local culture.

The traditional Tiantai-style civilian architecture features window decoration that uses the unique rattan craftsmanship well-conserved by the locals. Such decoration， known by the locals as ‘yi gen teng （literally ‘a(chǎn) piece of rattan）， has been a long-time tradition and bears various auspicious connotations. The craftsmanship， that can be relished almost everywhere the eye could see in Tiantai – from ancestral halls， temples to the doors， windows， stools and picture frames of an ordinary household， is also valued as a Tiantai cultural heritage that is now under city-level protection.

A major player in the conservation of the unique cultural treasure is a cultural park run by Shen Zhongming and his son Shen Shenggang， who has just finished his study in the UK. Also a part of the ‘Harmony Town， the cultural park is a remake of old factory buildings. In Shens rattan studio， people can feast their eyes on the rattan artistry displayed by local craftsmen who are the patron saints of the endangered craft.

Traversed by a babbling brook and surrounded by lush， undulating mountains， the lovely valley area is a fitting place for the development of a tourist destination that targets pilgrims of Chinas ‘harmony tradition. The town center serves as the ‘living room， where tourists can peruse an array of cultural spots such as China Buddhism Park， ‘Harmony Culture Park and Tiantai Museum for a first-hand experience of the countys cultural riches and Buddhism appeal.

For a relaxed end of the trip， one can spend a night or two at the Tiantai Mountain Hot Spring Resort and stop at a lovely village nearby for a glimpse of the local life. Dongsheng Village and Chiyi Village also have a few folk house ‘bed and breakfast options for backpackers to choose from.

Future development of the town will include a recreational area surrounding the tourist center. The project will draw scenic and cultural resources from three reservoirs and two villages nearby. Many other facilities in the town， including a hotel and a museum， are now open to the public. The first aviation experience center in Taizhou will also be based here.