《鄉愁鄉愁》：行走中的思索

青湖

故鄉對多數中國人來說都是特別的存在，鄉情、鄉愁更像是一種文化基因和生命密碼，無聲地浸潤在一個人的血脈里，縱使少小離家、雙鬢斑白，也依舊鄉音未改，故鄉縈繞在心頭永遠不曾遠去。而故鄉、鄉情對中國人有兩層含義，一種是生命意義上的，通常指一個人出生、生長的地方，而另一層含義是情感、文化意義上的，比如一個人生活過、在生命中留下深刻印記的地方，就像《鄉愁鄉愁》作者龐亞君所書寫的松陽。

從《鄉愁鄉愁》的副題“松陽掛職手記”可以看出，這是作者在松陽掛職期間的所見、所聞、所感。

而當我翻開書閱讀的時候，有了更多的驚喜。本書有著清晰的層次，共分為“鄉村”“鄉土”“鄉野”“鄉井”“鄉風”五部分，內容寫得既有趣味又有美感，更有作者自己的感悟和思索。這從文章的標題便可窺見一斑，比如，鄉村部分的“竹溪流香”“鳴鶴”“酉田花開”，鄉土部分的“柿子紅了”“黑陶侘寂”“棠云竹紙”，鄉野部分的“茗陽天下”“茶籽兩茂”“油橄欖”，鄉井部分的“古市老街”“互聯網+美麗鄉村”“一帶一鎮”，鄉風部分的“福源橋邊”“民情地圖”“一米陽光”等等。

作者寫出了鄉村之美，像“站在露臺上，我極目遠眺，斜陽的余輝映照出滿山的綠意。想想，春風拂面時節，漫山遍野的果樹開花了，棲居在酉田，又是何等的詩意盎然”（《酉田花開》），寫出了鄉村的古樸與純粹；像“因為偏遠、閉塞，這些古村落在一波接一波的工業化、城市化浪潮中，逃過了一劫又一劫，幸運地保存了下來”，“看得見山，望得到水，記得住鄉愁”（《古與不古》），寫出了鄉村獨特的民俗與風情；像“那書皮土布制成，傳統印染，循環利用，既環保，又能品味，還能留下童年的記憶，猶如彎彎的小橋，串起綿綿的鄉愁”（《尋訪織女》）；而作者在書中著墨最多的還是自己的思索以及對鄉村建設的規劃。

書中說，對傳統村落的保護，“應該是一種‘活態保護，松陽就采取中醫調理、針灸激活的方式，用最少、最自然、最不經意的人工干預，慢慢梳理村落的脈絡肌理，恰到好處地植入一些現代元素，使原汁原味的鄉村文化與現代時尚相映成趣”（《鳴鶴》）。對傳統村落的開發，要“充分利用本土、低碳環保材質和廢棄建材，以及生態環保技術，來維持原生態的田園風光、鄉村風情、傳統風味，并促進村落、民居、業態、民俗的復活”（《叩問》），以及在高速發展的信息時代，工業化和城市化怎樣以時空分離的方式推進，“在古村落里植入新的業態，一樣可以享受現代文明；在遙遠的山村，因為互聯網的連接，與世界‘零距離接觸”（《古與不古》），“我拋磚引玉‘e田園的定位之下，能不能想出若干個‘e什么？……‘e城市‘e民居‘e產品‘e鄉村‘e文化‘e旅游‘e生活……”（《e田園》）

此外，作者關注的還有鄉村文化建設、鄉村老人的養老、留守兒童的生活與教育等。讀完這本書，讓人很難相信這是一位下鄉掛職人員的手記，通常來講，掛職人員也許只是把下鄉鍛煉作為一份工作，只需努力把本職工作做好。

本書的作者難能可貴的地方是不僅僅把掛職作為一份工作，而是用心地觀察、體驗，付出了自己的情感與心力，并把掛職地松陽作為自己情感意義上的故鄉。作者的這種投入、熱愛、鉆研、思考，使自己的作品非常“接地氣”，充滿鄉土氣息。

An Urbanites Perspective of Rural Redevelopment

By Qing Hu

For most Chinese people whose life experiences have been shaped and overwhelmed by tremendous changes of modernization and urbanization in the 20th and 21st centuries， their family roots can be all traced to somewhere in rural China. For these people， rural origin is both a cultural gene and life password. Therefore， home for most Chinese means at least two things： it is where one is born and grows up； it is where one once lived. Songyang， a rural county in Zhejiang， is exactly such a place for Pang Yajun， who worked in the rural county as a government official on temporary assignment. He has published ， a collection of essays he wrote during his stay there.

The author writes about what he sees， experiences and thinks there. These essays are about villages， rural products， lifestyles， scenic attractions， with a focus on rural redevelopment in Songyang.

The author waxes lyrical about the rural beauty. In one essay， he describes what he sees from a balcony in a village. While seeing the mountains bathed in slanting sunshine， he couldnt help but wonder what the mountains would look like in springtime.

He finds that some villages have escaped industrialization and urbanization by luck and by chance and they remain nearly intact due to their remoteness from anywhere. The local lifestyle and handmade products remind him of the bygone era one now can only access through books and old photos.

The author likes what the county government does for preservation of rural villages. The preservation policies are compared to the philosophy behind some therapies of traditional Chinese medicine： no radical and abrupt measures； original features must stay as much as possible； changes， if absolutely necessary， are introduced in the minimalist manner and as least as possible. Construction materials， used for development projects， must be low-carbon and green. Recycled materials are always the first choice. The essential idea behind the policies is whats preserved can attract tourists and generates income to the rural economy.

And how to introduce internet into rural life and economy is something Pang as a government official thinks a lot about. After all， rural economy needs to connect with modernization and industrialization of the outside world. Two essays in the book detail some of his consideration on the issue.

Pang pays attention to the rural issues such as cultural development， life and education of children left behind by their parents working away from home， and care of the aged in villages. These are big issues in rural areas. Finding effective solutions is very important.

For Pang Yajun， Songyang is by no means a county where he stayed for a time. The temporary assignment plunged him into the rural past and present and enabled him to examine concerns and issues. Somewhat he bonded with Songyang emotionally. During his temporary assignment in the rural county， he occasionally traveled back to Hangzhou to take care of his young child and look after his mother. These essays reflect his dedication to his work and his bond with Songyang.